96 VL 
and quite dwarf ; the pinnae usually reduced to a mere 
rib, or when at all approaching the normal form, they are 
wedge-shaped at the base, and above cut into deep narrow 
lobes ending in subulate teeth. 
The species (not uncommonly known among British 
botanists as Polystichum aculeatum), appears to be abun- 
dantly distributed tliroughout England, as far north as 
Yorkshire ; also in Wales, and in some parts of Ireland. 
Of its occurrence in Scotland we have no authentic infor- 
mation excepting in one locality in Berwickshire. It pre- 
fers lowland sheltered woods and hedge banks, where the 
soil is moist, and in such situations grows with much 
luxuriance. The same species is met with in other parts 
of Europe. 
It is a very easDy cultivated plant, growing freely in 
any light soil, especially such as is enriched by decayed 
leaves. For rock-work, it is one of the most ornamental 
of all our hardy species, and its persistent evergreen habit 
is, in such a place, a great additional recommendation. It 
should be planted in a well-drained and shady situation. 
In wilderness scenery it would be quite at home, and no 
plant could be more appropriate or effective in such situ- 
ations. It is readily cultivated in pots, requiring, how- 
ever, a considerable share of pot-room, and to be kept 
in a cool and shady place. 
