214 XVII. 08MUHDA. 
c:a--e3 are snbglobose, reticulated, supported by a short 
stalk, and somewhat two-valved, opening vertically, the 
valves being supposed to originate in the upper and lower 
epidermis of the frond. The fronds are terminal and ad- 
herent to the candex. 
This plant is generally distributed through the United 
Kingdom, but chiefly confined to marshy places, and not 
very abundant. In Ireland it is plentiful ; and it is found 
throughout Europe, in Asia and Africa, and a very closely 
allied form in North America. 
The candex is said to possess tonic and styptic proper- 
ties, but has fallen into disuse. 
This species is of easy cultivation, preferring moist si- 
tuations, and a peaty soil. It is very suitable to plant 
about rockwork, in places where its habits can be accom- 
modated that is, when abutting a piece of water ; and 
though most luxuriant in a sheltered position, does not re- 
fuse to grow when moderately exposed. It is propagated 
by detaching and planting any lateral offshoots from the 
caudex. The best way to establish it is to procure the 
most vigorous plants from the localities where it is 
spontaneous. 
