41 2 
virgin? a . 
virginica. 
rhamboi- 
des. 
cruentata. 
lutefcens. 
fanguino- 
lenta. 
argentea. 
donacina. 
afra. 
dealbata. 
lithophagc- 
34 
Spondylus. 
geedaro- 
pus. 
regiuSc 
p/icatus. 
cifteus, 
35 
Chama. 
CONCH 
142. V. fubovate, anteriorly fubangular, with un- 
equal, tranfverfe {trite ; anterior Hope tumid. Adri- 
atic. 
143. V. ovate, tranfverfely wrinkled j 1 inch long, 
l-J- broad. Virginia. 
* 144. V. depreffed or rhomboid, with concentric 
ftriae ; pale brown, variegated ; \ inch long, i\ broad. 
Britifti coalls. 
145. V. ovate, inequilateral, tranfverfely ftriated 
and fpotted with red. 
146. V. ovate, tranfverfely ftriated ; outwardly ra- 
diated and marked towards the margin with characters, 
lines and ipots ; within yellowilh. 
147. V. oval, fmooth, yellowilh, with red fpots and 
dots ; inch long, broad. Shores of Naples. 
148. V. oblongilh, fmooth, filvery, with black lines 
united into bands. Shores of Cadiz. 
149. V. oblongith, flattened, anteriorly tranfverfely 
grooved ; internal margin crenulated ; Hopes linear, 
excavated ; i-| inch long, i^. broad. 
150. V. grooved, umbo pointed ; pofterior flope 
wrinkled and heart-fhaped ; grooves tine, about 1305 
I inch broad. Africa. 
1 51. V. oblong, thin, flattened, bluifh when the fifli 
is alive, and fnowy when it is dead; i-i- inch broad, £ 
long. Africa. 
. 152. V. ovate, reticulated, gaping on each fide-, 
hinge with 2 teeth, alternately bifid. Shores of Croa- 
tia, among rocks and ftones. 
Gen. 11. Spondylus. 
Gen. Char. — The animal a tethys ; Ihell hard, folid, with 
unequal valves, one of them convex, the other rather 
flat ; hinge with two recurved teeth, feparated by a 
fmall hollow- . 
Species. 
1. S. (lightly eared and fpinous. Mediterranean, 
Indian, and other feas. — This fpecies varies greatly in 
fize, thicknefs, and colours. Sometimes it is entirely 
purple, orange, white or bloom colour, and fometimes 
it is marked with various ftreaks, fpots, dots, or bands. 
2. S. without ears, and fpinous. In this fpecies the 
(hell is fub-globular, white within, without purplifti, 
fcarlet, flame colour, orange or white : fpines generally 
two inches long, fometimes cylindrical, with a crenated 
margin. India, Malta. Very rare. 
3. S. without ears or fpines, plaited. India, Ame- 
rica, and the Mediterranean. The fhell is white, 
with yellowilh, reddiih, brownifh, or violet lines and 
veins. 
4. S. oblong, plaited, fpinous. In this fpecits the 
ft, ell is imbricated, of a citron colour, or red, with 
the inner margin orange. It is 2 inches long, i| 
broad. The whole {hell is thin and nearly tranf- 
parent. 
Gen. 12. Chama, or Gaping Cockle. 
Gen. Char. — The animal a tethys the {hell bivalve, 
rather coarfe ; hinge with a callous gibbofity, ob- 
liquely inferted m an oblique hollow ; anterior flope 
olofed. 
Species. 
* 1, C. roundifli, fmooth ; beaks recurved ; anterior 
O L O G Y. Chap. IV. 
Hoped with a gaping fent. Adriatic and Cafpian feas, 
Hebrides. Sometimes it is found of a large fize. 
2. C. plaited, with arched fcales 5 pofterior flope^z^ar, 
gaping, with crenulated margins. Indian ocean. — This 
fpecies fometimes meafujes only about an inch in length, 
but fometimes it is found to be the largeft of {hells, and 
equal to 53 2lb. weight. The fifli which it contains is 
faid to furnifli a meal to 120 men ; and its mufcular 
ftrength is fo great as to cut afunder a cable, or lop off 
the hand of a man. 
3. C. plaited, muricated, pofterior flope retufe, hippopus, 
clofed, toothed ; 5 inches long, 7 broad. Indian o- 
cean. 
4. C. fomewhat heart-fhaped, with longitudinal antiquata* 
grooves, and tranfverfe ftriae ; ribs from 19 to 22. At- 
lantic and Indian feas. 
5. C. trapeziform, gibbous, with longitudinal, erenu- trapezia. 
lated grooves ; about the fize of a pea. Norway feas. 
6. C. fuborbicular, compreffed, coarfe, with decuf- femiorbU 
fated ftriae. culata. 
7. C. oblong with imbricated grooves; anterior canalicu* 
part retufe ; ■§■ inch long, 1-*- broad. American and In- lata. 
dian feas. 
8. C. heart-fhaped, tranfverfely ftriated ; one fide cordata, 
elongated, compreffed. Indian and Red feas. 
9. C. roundiih, with toothed grooves, mixed with fatiata. 
dots ; pofterior flope retufe ; heart-fhaped. 
10. C. oblong, fore-part angular, with anterior acute oblsnga. 
teeth. Shores of Guinea. 
11. C. imbricated, with jagged lamellae ; beak a lit- laxarus. 
tie fpiral obliquely. India. 
12. C. orbicular, muricated; one valve flatter, th egryphoi- 
other with a fub-fpiral, produced beak, Mediterra- des. 
nean, American, and Indian feas. 
13. C. with conic valves, and horn-fliaped, oblique, bicornis, 
tubular beaks, longer than the valve. Indian and A- 
merican feas. 
14. C. grooved, muricated, with excavated dots : arcnella . 
hinge with a feflile callus ; 2 inches broad and 2 long. 
American ocean. 
15. C. obtufely triangular, equilateral, plaited ; an- moltkiand-. 
terior flope elevated, with oblique plates and {trite : fize 
of a hazel nut. 
16. C. tranfverfely wrinkled, and longitudinally concame* 
ftriated. In the middle of each valve within is an ad -rata. 
ditional chamber. American ocean. Small, whitifti. 
Very rare. 
17. C. rounded, with lamellae difpofed in rows ; in- macro- 
ternal margin crenulated. American ocean. phylla . 
18. C. white, with foliaceous, ferrated, tranfverfe fohacea. 
ftriae, the interftices crenated, beaks recurved. Medi- 
terranean and American feas. — This fpecies is found 
foflil in Campania : it is fometimes round, and fome- 
times oblong. 
19. C. rounded, white, and undulated with brown, arata, 
with triangular, wrinkled, perpendicular ribs : margin 
unequal. Shores of Syracufe. 
20. C. wrinkled, oblong, narrow, brown ; lower fujea. 
valves with a projecting, rounded, fubincurvated beak. 
21. C. roundifli, ventricofe, inequivalve, muricated, citrea. 
with fcattered, unequal, fcaly fpines. America. — This 
{hell is of a citron colour. 
22. C. roundifh, longitudinally ftriated ; pofterior thaca* 
ftope retufe. Shores of Chili, where it buries itfelf in 
the fands. The ihell is white, violet, and yellow, 
and 
cor. 
