26 
Psyche 
[February 
Wagner (1863). In this case it is the larvae that reproduce 
parthenogenetically. Imagines are not often produced, but 
when they do appear both sexes are found (Meinert 1864, Wagner 
1865, Kahle 1908). Kahle states that there is a significant excess 
of females, and Felt (1911) describes only the female, though he 
does not state that males were absent. It is not known whether 
the imagines breed at all, or not; Kahle states that he did not 
observe copulation. It does not appear to have been entirely 
proven that the males arise from larvae that have been produced 
by pedogenesis, though most students of Miastor have apparently 
taken this for granted without making cultures from isolated 
larvae. 
Parker (1922) has reported a probable case of pedogenesis 
in the blow-fly, Calliphora erythrocephala Meigen, with the 
production of male and female imagines in something like equal 
numbers from isolated individual larvae. Since the actual pro- 
duction of eggs or larvae was not observed to go on in Parker’s 
larvae, and since Lowne (1892) and others have dissected large 
numbers of larvae of this species without finding mature eggs or 
larvae in them, it seems best to withhold judgment for the present 
as to the occurrence of pedogenesis in Calliphora, as Parker 
himself indicates. 
LITERATURE CITED. 
Aldrich, J. M. 1918. Notes on Diptera. Psyche 25: 30-35. 
Edwards, F. W. 1919. Some Parthenogenetic Chironomidae. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3; 222-228. 
Felt, E. P. 1911. Miastor americana. An account of pedogenesis. 
New York State Mus. Bull. 147: 82-104. 
Goetghebuer, M. 1913. Un cas de parthenogenese observe chez 
un Diptere Tendipedide {Corynoneura celeripes). Bull. 
Acad. Roy. Belg. 1913; 231*233. 
Grimm, O. 1870, Die ungeschlechtliche Fortpflanzung einer 
Chironomus-Art und derenEntwicklungausdem unbefrucht- 
eten Ei. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg ser. 7, 
tome 15. 
