162 
Psyche 
[October 
of the females differ from the early ones. Visits to red show: 
females 51.5, males 66.6; females before July 71.4, after June 
36.3. 
Bomhidce. — Before July the Bombidse prefer Ma and red; 
after June, Mas, red and yellow. They show less preference for 
B' than does any other considerable group of long-tongued 
bees. The maxima shift from Hb 59.8 to B' 42.0, Ma 50.8 to 
Mas 48.6. Visits to yellow change from 19.6 to 34.0. 
Apygidial Scopulipedes. — These show every indication of 
great age: the fragmentary nature and the marked structural 
differences of the still existing groups, as well as their wide and 
discontinuous distribution. Muller says that the maxillary palps 
of Bomhus, etc. are aborted as a result of specialization of the 
proboscis, lengthening of the glossa and labial palps (4,57). 
But it is evidently a mark of age, for many Pygidialia have the 
proboscis as long and even more highly specialized, but retain 
the primitive number of six joints. It seems that the Apygidialia 
were the primitive long-tongued bees and had most to do with 
the origin of the earliest long-tongued bee flowers. The special- 
ized genera of Pygidialia are characterized by long tongues, rapid 
flight, rather short seasons, often oligolectic and more peculiar 
habits, just as would be expected of later developed competitors. 
Anthophoriddd. — Of 75 visits to 56 flowers, 66.6 per cent are 
to Ma, 22.6 to Mas, 54.6 to red, 21.3 to Labiatae, 16.0 to Legum- 
inosse and 10.6 each to Polemoniales and Personales. 
Euceridce. (521 visits to 202 flowers). — These prefer Mas, 
which shows 31.6 per cent of the flowers visited and 54.7 per 
cent of the visits, red 39.9 and yellow 35.7, 10.5 per cent of the 
visits being to Labiatae and 40.8 to Compositae. Twenty prefer 
Mas, 11 Ma, 19 red, 11 yellow, two white. Before July they 
prefer Ma, Mas and red; after June, Mas, yellow and red. The 
group is a late one. The maxima shift from Hb 60.3 to B' 51.8, 
Ma 48.4 to Mas 66.2, red 42.8 to yellow 41.0. 
Emphoridoe. — Of 14 visits to 11 flowers, 57.1 per cent are to 
Ma, 35.7 to Mas, 57.1 to red, 42.8 to white, 28.5 to Polemoniales 
and 21.4 to Compositae. 
Anthophoroidea. — Of the 610 visits of the last three families, 
50.3 per cent are to Mas, 42. ' to red, 32.4 to yellow, 11.6 to 
