100 
Psyche 
[April 
Some flies have taken possession of some non-social flowers 
which have become adapted to flesh-flies or minute flies. The 
flowers which the Diptera prefer, however, are highly specialized 
social flowers, usually with epigynous nectaries, 86.3 per cent 
of the visits being to social flowers. 
Lepidoptera. 
SphingidcB . — Of 22 visits of 7 species to 15 flowers, 54.5 per 
cent are to Ma, 40.9 to Mas, 63.6 to red, 45.4 to Polemoniales 
and 13 . 6 to Labiatse. In the Alps visits to red are 63.2. 
Other Heterocera . — Of 106 visits of 21 species to 68 flowers, 
47 . 1 per cent are to Mis, 31 . 1 to Mas, 10 . 3 to Pol, 48 . 1 to white, 
34.9 to yellow and 57.5 to Compositae. Red shows 16.9, in 
the Alps 58.6. 
Rhopalocera . — Of 1065 visits of 67 species to 203 flowers, 
43.6 per cent are to Mas, 24.3 to Mis, 38.3 to red, 11.0 to 
Labiatse and 36.3 to Compositse. In the Alps red shows 55.2. 
Lepidoptera . — Of 1193 visits of 95 species to 211 flowers, 
42.4 per cent are to Mas, 25.9 to Mis, 39.3 to white, 36. 8 to 
red. In the Alps red shows 56.1, Berlin Garden 64.0, Low 
Germany 70.2. One prefers Mi, 7 Ma, 12 Pol, 22 Mis, 51 Mas, 
46 red, 33 white, 16 yellow. Of 175 non-pollinating visits, 52.5 
per cent are to Ma, 34.2 to Mas and 57.1 to red. Before July 
they prefer Mas and red; after June, Mas, Mis, Pol, white and 
red. The maximum changes from Hb 32 . 6 to B’ 50.1. Visits to 
non-social flowers change from 48 . 2 to 7 . 2. 
The structure of the proboscis seems to indicate that the 
butterflies not only had little, or nothing, to do with the origin 
of insect flowers but that they did not come into existence until 
after the highly specialized bee flowers had been developed. 
The moths are important visitors of few flowers and have in- 
fluenced the development of few, except in the case of the 
Sphingidae. Butterflies are large and correspond little with the 
variable sizes of flowers. Their proboscides average long, so 
that they are usually able to reach the nectar of the deepest 
bee flowers. Their relations to flowers are often that of nectar 
