1924] 
Flower Visits of Insects II 
101 
thieves. The proboscis is exceedingly slender, smooth and dry 
so that it often does not touch the pollen, or does not readily 
hold it. On flowers with exserted anthers and stigmas the butter- 
flies are probably the most useful. But even in such cases they 
often insert their tongues into flowers whose anthers and stigmas 
they do not touch with their bodies. It is a regular thing for 
them to visit personate and papilionaceous flowers without any 
likelihood of touching the anthers. In slender tubed flowers 
with included anthers they may touch the anthers, but even here 
there is doubt about much pollen sticking to their tongues. 
There are probably no slender-tubed butterfly flowers from 
which bees are excluded and in which bees are not likely to be 
more useful. A bee’s proboscis has from five to seven appen- 
dages wet with nectar or honey, and which get so covered with 
pollen that in mounting it is often necessary to wash the pollen 
out. 
In the percentage of visits, 8.5, over species, 7.3, the Lep- 
idoptera show a slight gain, but in 41 flowers whose visitors 
were taken as they came they lost in percentage of individuals. 
Other Visitors. 
Coleoptera. — Of 438 visits of 137 species to 113 flowers, 42.4 
per cent are to Mis, 40.8 to Pol, 64.8 to white, 15.2 to Com- 
positse and 39.4 to Umbelliferse. One prefers Mas, 48 Mis, 81 
Pol, 46 yellow and 88 white. Visits to red are 5.2, in the Berlin 
Garden 16.9, Low Germany 18.3, Alps 23.2. Of 123 non- 
pollinating visits, 34.9 per cent are to Mis, 30.0 to Mas and 
40.6 to yellow. After June the maximum changes from A 50.9 
to B’ 46.2. 
The flowers showing the greatest number of beetles are 
Pastinaca sativa 42, Aruncus Sylvester 33, Cryptotcenia canadensis 
19, Sium cicutwfolium 19. 
Beetles seem to have developed anthophilous habits as a 
secondary matter, and were probably few on primitive flowers. 
Some have structures fitting them for obtaining nectar, as 
