102 
Psyche 
[April 
Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus, which has maxillary lobes ex- 
tensile by 4 or 5 mm, and makes more visits than any other 
beetle. 
Beetles probably have produced no special flowers. They 
principally resort to social flowers with epigynous nectaries. 
Hemiptera. — Of 113 visits of 21 species to 64 flowers, 47.7 
per cent are to Mis, 30 . 9 to Pol, 52.2 to white, 38 . 0 to yellow, 
34.5 to Compositae and 30.9 to Umbelliferse. Ten prefer Mis, 
eight Pol, 11 white and ten yellow. After June yellow changes 
from 47 . 1 to 29 . 0. The maximum shifts from B 39 . 6 to B’ 50 . 0. 
The proboscis, though not developed for flower visits, is sometimes 
used to extract nectar. 
The Hemiptera and Coleoptera form 12.2 per cent of the 
visitors observed, but make only 3.9 per cent of the visits. 
Neuroptera. — Chrysopa plorahunda, found on some Um- 
belliferae with exposed nectar, is not included in the tables. 
Birds. — Of 29 visits made by the rubythroat, 82.7 per 
cent are to Ma, 55. 1 to red, 17.2 to Personales, 13.7 to Labiatae, 
13.7 to Leguminosae, 10.3 to Polemoniales. It picks out the 
most highly modified and brightest colored of the long-tongued 
bee flowers. The bird flowers belong to melittophilous groups 
and have been appropriated by the humming-birds. 
Total Visitors. — Of 13971 visits made by 1288 visitors to 437 
flowers, 39.8 per cent are to Mis, 20.4 to Mas, 18.7 to Pol, 
51.3 to white, 31.7 to yellow, 28.9 to Compositae and 15.9 to 
Umbelliferae. Thirty-six prefer Mi, 44 Ma, 176 Mas, 471 Pol, 
511 Mis, 126 red, 390 yellow and 755 white. After June visits to 
Mas change from 8.3 to 32.7, to yellow from 34.2 to 29.9, and 
the maximum changes from AB 26.8 to B’ 44.6. Visits to red 
are 16 . 8 per cent, in the Alps 41 . 6. 
Insects and Their Importance to Flowers. 
Loewis Groups. — If the flower classes A, AB and Po are 
designated as allotropic, B and B’ as hemitropic, and Hb, F and 
O as eutropic, and the insects are classed according to the kinds 
