256 
Psyche 
[December 
in the outer part each succeeding series of supports overlaps the 
apex of the preceding, and is held flat by the tension between 
members of the preceding series. So all folds in the outer part 
of the wing should necessarily be chevronlike, zigzagging between 
the apices of an inner, and the bases of an outer series of supports. 
We find this arrangement very general, not only in the other 
Serricorns, but even in such aberrant things as the Staphylinidse ; 
but in the Adephaga a further specialization comes into play. 
Adephaga. 
I have chosen Cicindela sexguttaia (figs. 3-7) as a fair ex- 
ample of the Adephaga. In general it is typical of the terrestrial 
Adephagous series, but differs from most Carabidse in having a 
strong apical portion of vein R4H-5, supporting the outer part of 
the wing along the line lettered M in the diagram. So the details 
of conditions in the apex will not be duplicated outside of the 
Cicindelidse, through the central part of the wing is as in the 
true Carabids. 
Conditions in the base of the wing are exactly as in the 
Lampyrid, so far as the mechanics is concerned. (The fan-like 
fold in the vicinity of M has a different relation to the veins and 
is probably homologous not to the one so conspicuous in the 
Lampyrids, but to another below it which appears in many other 
Polyphaga.) When we come to the principal fold we find that 
there is no definite chevron-like arrangement that could explain 
the stiffness of that part, as in the Lampyrid, but that the folds 
across all the principal veins lie in a straight line. On exam- 
ining the wing it is found that the stiffness of the outer part of 
the wing in flying position is wholly due to the curiously con- 
structed costal margin (formed of the fused veins C, Sc and Rl) 
This is rather a flat ribbon than a normal vein, and is also ribbed 
transversely on its front edge, so that it bends easily from front 
to back, but is very stiff against any vertical pressure. 
Looking at the diagrams (figs. 6 and 7) A, B, D, and E are 
as in Telephorus. C is also represented by veins, but is not 
needed to explain the unfolding of the wing. Next comes F. 
This bar in the diagram represents an insignificant-looking, but 
