SURVEY OF THE COLORADO OF THE WEST. 
27 
this country have at least three names, one by which they know them- 
selves, one or more by which they are known to the surrounding tribes, 
and a third by which they are known to white men. Their general gov- 
ernment by chiefs and councils has also been a very interesting subject 
of study. 
HABITS AND CUSTOMS. 
Their habits and customs, such as their preparation of shelters from 
inclement weather, the rules which govern them in the selection of camp- 
sites, their method of preparing food, their rules of hospitality, the divis- 
ion of the spoils of the chase, their marriage customs and burial rites, 
their sports and games, and many other items have also been noted. 
MEANS OF OBTAINING SUBSISTENCE. 
Special attention has been paid to their means of obtaining subsistence, 
their methods of fishing, hunting, and snaring. All these Indians sub- 
sist chiefly by the products of the soil. They live on the seeds, fruits, 
leaves, bark, fleshy stalks, roots, and bulbs of many plants. 
Each little tribe, or governmental organization, is strictly confined to 
the territory giving its name to the tribe, and they move about only within 
these limits, seeking seeds and roots in their several seasons, and usually, 
year by year, perform the same round of journeys. Their methods of 
collecting and preparing these foods have been carefully observed, and, 
as far as possible, the seeds of these plants have been collected, some- 
times in rather large quantities, so that very many bushels have been 
brought on and distributed to botanists, ethnologists, and scientific in- 
stitutions, both in America and in Europe, through the Smithsonian In- 
stitution. The collections of the last year are yet to be distributed. 
INDUSTRIAL ARTS. 
The condition of industrial art among these people, as illustrated by 
their manufacture of lodges and other shelters, clothing, basket ware, 
agricultural implements, domestic utensils, hunting and fishing tools, 
ornaments, &c., has been noted. Their method of manufacturing these 
articles has been studied ; for instance, it has been found that stone im- 
plements are made as follows: The obsidian or other stone of which the 
implement is to be made is first selected by breaking up larger masses of 
the rock and choosing those which exhibit the fracture desired and which 
are free of flaws 5 then these pieces are baked or steamed, perhaps I 
might say annealed, by placing them in damp earth covered with a 
brisk fire for twenty-four hours, then with sharp blows they are still fur- 
ther broken into flakes approximating the shape and size desired. For 
the more complete fashioning of the implement a tool of horn, usually 
of the mountain sheep, but sometimes of the deer or antelope, is used. 
The flake of stone is held in one hand, placed on a little cushion made 
