58 
Psyche 
[June 
strates the presence of the series in Europe in the mid-Tertiary, but 
reveals nothing about the North American representatives. Morpho- 
logically, the closest known relative of Pseudanophthalmus is Duva- 
liopsis. 
The Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, re- 
cently obtained part of the collection of Dr. Eduard Knirsch, Kolin, 
Czechoslovakia, which contains 44 specimens of Duvaliopsis, including 
all 8 forms treated by Jeannel in his monumental Monographie des 
Trechinae (1928). I am indebted to Dr. Philip J. Darlington, Jr., 
curator of entomology at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, for 
permission to undertake a study of these beetles. 
When Jeannel (1928) established the genus Duvaliopsis , only 10 
species of the North American Psetudanophthaltnus were known, pre- 
senting a far narrower conception of the limits of the latter genus 
than is held today. The chief diagnostic characters of Duvaliopsis 
were said to be (Jeannel 1928) : (1) punctures 3 and 4 of the margi- 
nal series (“fouets humeraux de la serie ombiliquee”) are closely 
applied to the marginal gutter; and (2) the transfer apparatus con- 
sists of a single copulatory piece in the form of a very long, concave 
spoon, bifid at the apex, the convex side facing the right side of the 
internal sac. Pseudanophthalmus differed in having: (1) punctures 
3 and 4 of the marginal series farther from the marginal gutter than 
punctures 1 and 2; and (2) the transfer apparatus consisting of 2 
pieces, not bifid. 
In examining all 8 forms of Duvaliopsis known to Jeannel when he 
established the genus and in comparing them with most of the known 
species of Pseudanophthalmus, I am unable to find any consistently 
significant difference in the chaetotaxy of the humeral marginal set. 
In larger species of P seudano phthalmus , especially those with moder- 
ately convex elytra, the 3rd and 4th punctures do appear farther from 
the gutter than the 1st and 2nd. As Jeannel himself very clearly 
explained ( Monographie , III, p. 18), the relative positions of the 
umbilicate series are far from absolute, and are related to the hyper- 
trophic enlargement of the external interstriae. Thus the alleged 
generic character would appear valid when a large, convex Pseuda- 
nophthalmus (e.g. P. menetriesii Motsch., the generotype) is compared 
with a Duvaliopsis (all of which are small and rather depressed), but 
would break down when the comparison is made with a small species 
of Pseudanophthahnus with depressed elytra. 
The transfer apparatus of Duvaliopsis is indeed distinctive, but so 
are the many transfer apparatus types of the twenty-odd species groups 
of Pseudanophthalmus. The unusual length of the copulatory piece in 
