62 
Psyche 
[June 
In this species the head is as long as wide; the labral emargination 
is very shallow; the pronotum is I 1/4 times as wide as long; the hind 
angles of the pronotum are acute, with a deep and very brief marginal 
sinuosity before them ; the elytral humeri are clearly serrulate ; the 
first discal puncture is at or behind the 4th humeral marginal puncture; 
and the apical recurrent groove is long and parallel to the suture, 
variably connected with the 5th or the 3rd longitudinal stria. The 
aedeagus of a topotype (Schuler Gebirge, Transylvanian Alps, 
Romania) in the Knirsch collection measures 0.86 mm. long, much 
larger and more robust than that of pilosellus. The apex narrows 
abruptly and is briefly produced. The copulatory piece measures about 
1/3 of the total length of the aedeagus. 
DISCUSSION 
The realization that the Pseudanophthalmus found in caves of the 
eastern United States have their endogenous counterparts in the moun- 
tains of eastern Europe is primarily of zoogeographic interest. Like 
many disjunct distributions, this one suggests an earlier, broader distri- 
bution followed by intermediate extinction. Certainly the geographic 
extent of compatible trechine microenvironments would have been 
considerably broadened under the influence of a periglacial climate. 
The species of the bielzi group are now as closely restricted to the 
higher elevations (1200 meters and above, according to Jeannel, op. 
cit.) of the Carpathians and Transylvanian Alps as the American 
Pseudanophthalmus are restricted to caves. Both American and Euro- 
pean species are presumably descended from winged, Trechoblemus- 
like ancestors. 
Although the species of the bielzi group are not primarily cavernico- 
lous, they are probably similar to forms which colonized North Ameri- 
can caves during the Pleistocene interglacials. Endogenous Pseuda- 
nophthalmus have not been discovered in the eastern United States. 
I made a careful search of the high mountains of North Carolina and 
Tennessee in the summer of i960, finding many Trechus (Barr 1962) 
but no P seudanophthalmus. If we were to seek a close environmental 
parallel to the Carpathians and Transylvanian Alps in North America, 
however, we would have to look farther north, nearer to the terminal 
moraines of the Pleistocene glaciers. The few scattered peaks 4000 
feet or higher in Virginia and West Virginia would bear careful 
search. A recent study of the Pseudanophthalmus of the Appalachian 
valley (Barr, in press) suggests that the cave species of that area have 
descended, with slight modification, from a smaller number of endo- 
genous species. Each ancestral endogenous species is presumed to 
