1964] 
Barr — Duvaliopsis 
63 
have occurred in the geographic area in which the caves are at present 
inhabited by closely similar, allopatric species or subspecies. 
Similar patterns of speciation occur among Pseudanophthalmus of 
the horni group in the Bluegrass of Kentucky, where apparently two 
ancestral species colonized the caves. One species had a short aedeagus 
similar to that of P. horni Garman, while the other had a long, hooked 
aedeagus similar to that of P. inexpectatus Barr. A single ancestral 
species is postulated for the tiresias section of the engelhardti group, 
which occupies the Central Basin of Tennessee. Cave colonization and 
speciation does not seem to have been radically different in the Appala- 
chian valley, the Bluegrass, and the Central Basin. 
Patterns of trechine speciation are more difficult to explain in cave 
systems of the karst plains developed on Meramac and Chester lime- 
stones of the Interior Low Plateaus — specifically, the Mitchell plain 
of Indiana, the Pennyroyal plateau of Kentucky, and the Eastern 
Highland Rim of Tennessee. Here the networks of subterranean solu- 
tional openings are more extensive, and dispersal from one cave system 
to another takes place more readily. Here it is possible for abundant, 
mobile species to have (for cave trechines) fantastically extensive 
ranges, up to 75 miles long in Darlingtonea kentuckensis Valentine 
and no miles long in Neaphaenops tellkampfii Erichson. Here it is 
not uncommon for 3, 4, or even 5 species of troglobitic trechines to 
inhabit the same cave, a phenomenon best explained by multiple in- 
vasion. 
But despite the special interest that American coleopterists may 
have in speculating that American Pseiudanophthabnus descended from 
preadapted, montane, endogenous species like those of eastern Europe, 
the bielzi group itself deserves further careful study. With the possible 
exception of P. piloselbus ; all the species are quite rare, so that mor- 
phological variation cannot be adequately subjected to statistical 
analysis. No useful taxonomic purpose is served by naming each local 
population a different subspecies, as has been done for certain Euro- 
pean carabids (hundreds of names have been applied to Carabus granu- 
latus and C. cancellatus , for example). It appears premature to apply 
the polytypic species concept to the bielzi group. However, extensive 
collecting, especially in Romania, would make possible a sound study 
of alpine speciation in the bielzi group, involving analysis of variation 
and comparison of existing geographic ranges with Pleistocene glacial 
patterns and inferred Pleistocene climatology. Few detailed studies of 
the flightless insects of the Carpathians have been made (Kaszab 
1961). Such an investigation, while increasing the store of informa- 
tion on the role of the Carpathians and Transylvanian Alps as a 
