6o 
Psyche 
[March 
Table 5. Expected and observed diploid and triploid numbers of chromo- 
somes in the P. surinamensis complex. 
n complement of 
the bisexual 
Expected diploid and 
of chromosomes in 
polyploid numbers 
P. surinamensis 
taxon (P. indicus) 
2n 
3n 
18 
36 
54 
19 
38 
57 
Modal number of chromosomes observed in 
parthenogenetic clones 
34 (—2 or —4) a 
53 (—1 or —3) 
35 (—1 or —3) 
54 (±0 or —3) 
37 ( + 1 or —1) 
a The 2 numbers in parentheses indicate the deviation from the expected 
number if n = 18, or 19 in the bisexual taxon. 
ploidy and/or aneuploidy. The 54 chromosome form could be con- 
sidered to be a triploid of the bisexual 36 chromosome species (n = 
18). The aneuploid forms may have resulted from a loss of chromo- 
somes or from Robertsonian changes; unfortunately, some of the 
chromosomes are so small that it was impossible to determine if 
Robertsonian changes were involved. 
The color of the adults and nymphs may differ considerably. 
Nymphs may vary from red to black and adults vary from blackish 
brown to almost solid black. The adults in clones with 34 chromo- 
somes [Australia, Petchburi (Thailand), and Serra Tamendaui 
(Brazil)] are the darker more blackish form. The relatively lighter 
colored adults from Belem (Brazil) (53), Florida (53), Jamaica 
and Panama (54) have high chromosome numbers. However, this 
correlation is not constant since the Bogor (Indonesia) nymphs are 
reddish and adults are reddish brown, but they have 37 chromosomes. 
It is interesting that both the Serra Tamendaui (34), and Belem 
(53) forms are found in Brazil (the 2 areas are more than a thou- 
sand miles apart) and the adults of these 2 clones differ in color, 
the latter being more lightly colored ; the parthenogenetic forms 
with the low chromosome numbers are not restricted to the Indo- 
Malayan region. 
Roth (1967) found 11 parthenogenetic males in his colony of P. 
surinamensis from Australia. We have since noted additional males 
periodically produced in this laboratory culture and it seems that 
males are produced more frequently, probably by non-disjunction of 
