332 
Psyche 
[December 
the water bodies, result in the peculiar life-type of wingless and 
semi-terrestrial stoneflies in the family Gripopterygidae. It occurs 
in suitable places, i.e., on high, wind exposed, extremely cold and 
humid localities in South America, Australia and New Zealand, 
which means: within the whole range of distribution of the family 
Gripopterygidae. 
ZOOGEOGRAPHY 
The evolution of an apterous plecopteran species obviously needs 
a considerable time of unaltered favorable conditions in a given 
place. That is the reason why only from localities with long-lasting 
cool and humid climate this life-type has been recorded; its existence 
indicates a relictary character of the respective fauna. This was 
pointed out for the fauna of Campbell Island (lilies 1964a), but 
it should be true as well, for the locality of Mt. Donna Buang, Vic., 
where the new species L. darlingtoni was obtained. The Victorian 
mountains are evidently the place in Australia where the most relic- 
tary types of Plecoptera are found: the eustheniid genus Thauma- 
toperla as well as some new, not yet described, genera of austroperlids 
and notonemourids are restricted to this area. In its refugial function 
this isloated Victorian high mountain range even overshadows the 
importance of Tasmania as a refuge of old plecopteran groups. 
This is more astounding as the Mt. Kosciusko region (N.S.W.) 
with its even higher elevation has not yet produced any peculiar 
type of Plecoptera. The importance of the Victorian ranges, there- 
fore, cannot be explained from their high elevation but must be due 
to the fact that this southern region of the Australian alps is by 
far more extended and variable in climatic conditions thus offering 
a large scale of possible refuges for cool-adapted and specialised stone- 
flies during the climatic changes of the Pleistocene. Further explora- 
tion of the Australian cool-adapted freshwater fauna, therefore, 
should be concentrated on the high peaks of Eastern Victoria. 
References 
Aubert, J. 
1956. Andiperla willinki n. sp. Plecoptere noveau des Andes de Pata- 
gonie. — Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges., Lausanne, 29: 229-232. 
Brinck, P. 
1949. Studies on Swedish Stoneflies (Plecoptera). — Opusc. Ent. Suppl., 
Lund, 11: 1-250. 
Illies, J. 
1960. Die erste auch im Larvenstadium terrestrische Plecoptere. — 
Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges., Lausanne, 33: 161-168. 
1963. Revision der sudamerikanischen Gripopterygidae. — Mitt. Schweiz. 
Ent. Ges., Lausanne, 36: 145-248. 
