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Psyche 
[September 
heavily sclerotized that the character would be almost useless for 
separating species. The openings are ventral, under the scape 
(Fig. 5). The openings are bordered posteriorly by a triangular 
piece (Figs. 5, 14). There are no sclerotized basal lamellae as in 
some species of Araneus and Verrucosa. 
The patella of the palpus has two macrosetae of which one may 
be much longer than the other. 
The palpus of Eriophora was first described by Comstock (1910, 
1912, 1940). In all species of Eriophora the palpus is similar in 
structure. The radix (R of Figs. 2-4), stipes (I) and median 
apophysis (M) are elongated compared to Araneus, but the tegulum 
(T) is compact (Figs. 2-4). As a result, the median apophysis has 
shifted laterally from the ventral position it occupies in Araneus , 
and if viewed from the mesal side seems to be behind the embolus 
(E in Fig. 4). A separate piece, called the paramedian apophysis 
(PM) by Comstock, is present. In Verrucosa , which has a similar 
palpus, the piece is not separate, but is an extension of the proximal 
end of the conductor. Perhaps because parts of the bulb are elongated, 
the cymbium (Y) is very narrow and canoe-shaped. Unlike Araneus, 
Eriophora has little distal hematodocha (DH) and the terminal 
apophysis (A) and embolus (E) are on a complex V-shaped 
structure that has only limited articulation with the stipes (I). A 
spur of the terminal apophysis is probably homologous to the sub- 
terminal apophysis of Araneus. If there is a tip that breaks off the 
embolus in mating, it must be small. None was seen, but emboli 
were not examined under a compound microscope. 
Data from the collections indicate that throughout the range of 
the genus (except possibly the most northern parts), adult males 
can be found throughout the year and there is no definite season 
of maturity as in the species related to Araneus diadematus. 
Web. The web of E. fuliginea (according to M. H. Robinson, 
personal communication) has an open hub and usually is very asym- 
Figs. 2-6. Structure of Eriophora genitalia, diagrammatic. 2-4. Left 
palpus. 2. Expanded, mesal. 3. Expanded, lateral. 4. Contracted, mesal. 
5-6. Base of epigynum. 
Figs. 7-9. Eriophora ravilla (C. L. Koch). 7. Male, fourth coxae and 
trochanters, ventral view. 8. Male, left second tibia and tarsus, ventral 
view. 9. Female, abdomen with epigynum, ventral view. 
Abbreviations: A, terminal apophysis; C, conductor; D, sperm duct; 
DH, distal hematodocha; E, embolus; H, basal hematodocha; I, stipes; 
M, median apophysis; PM, paramedian apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, 
radix; S, subtegulum ; SR, seminal receptacle; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium. 
Size Indicators : 1 mm. 
