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Psyche 
[June 
a male was seen calling. Extracts of sternal glands released recip- 
rocal attraction between the sexes. The glandular secretions of 
imagines were found to be sex specific and different from the trail 
pheromone of the nymphs. Reticulitermes flavipes (Rhinotermiti- 
dae) performs distinct female calling courtship and tandem behav- 
ior with the female leading (Buchli, 1960). Reciprocal attraction 
of extracted sternal glands was found between males and females 
(Stuart, 1975). In Trinervitermes bettonianus (Termitidae) the at- 
tracting and leading partner is always the female, as it usually is 
for the family. The calling female exposes both tergal and sternal 
glands (Leuthold, 1975). The former attracts on longer range dis- 
tances, up to 12 cm; the latter on short distances, up to 1.5 cm in 
the laboratory. Both glands are involved in holding the tandem 
connection, but the sternal gland is more important in this func- 
tion (Leuthold, to be published). Furthermore a powerful trail is 
deposited during tandem run. The imaginal sternal gland phero- 
mone may not be different from the worker trail pheromone (Quen- 
nedey and Leuthold, 1977). The relative volume of the female 
gland, however, is unusual and reaches 7 times that of the male 
and 65 times that of the worker gland (Fig. 3), and trail activity 
was found to be 1200 times as high as that of a worker gland (Leut- 
hold and Liischer, 1974). 
The sternal gland of Hodotermes (Hodotermitidae) is the largest 
termite sternal gland ever reported (comparative sizes in contours 
of various species are represented in Fig. 3). The morphology of 
the gland in Hodotermes is complex and it seems that different 
glandular structures are differently developed in the various castes 
[A study of morphology is in preparation by Quennedey and Leut- 
hold]. Trail activity of the sternal gland of Hodotermes male was 
lower than that of the worker gland and not different from the 
control (male sternal plates without the gland). The extracts were 
tested in the bioassay described by Leuthold et al. (1976). The 
apparent function of the male gland is airborne female attraction. 
The pheromone produced is definitely different from the trail phero- 
mone of the workers. [Unfortunately no attractant test in the field 
with isolated or extracted glands could be carried out during the 
single swarming event available.] As mentioned above, the attract- 
ing and leading partner in courtship was always the male as far as 
we have observed. However, Hewitt and Nel (1969) apparently have 
seen both sexes calling in the same species in the Orange Free State 
