134 
Psyche 
[June 
N N 
Fig. 8. Vanishing directions for fall migrants released on overcast days. Sym- 
bols are the same as in Fig. 5. Monarchs flew generally down-wind. 
angular deviations for winds of 13 mph (21 km/ hr) shows that the 
mean AD of 17° for distributions (h), (k) and (n) with the sun and 
wind in the same direction was significantly smaller than the mean 
AD of 28° for distributions (g), (j) and (p) with sun and wind di- 
rections dissimilar (F = 4.9, df = 5, P< .1). The same was true for 
winds of 16 mph (26 km/ hr) where the mean AD (18°) for (i), (1) 
and (o) with sun and wind to the southwest was significantly smaller 
than the mean AD (46°) for (d), (e), (f), (m), (r) and (s) with the 
sun and wind directions dissimilar (F = 30.8, df = 8, P < 0.005). 
Therefore, these data suggest that fall migrants were not just flying 
with prevailing winds but were also orienting toward the sun. 
The vanishing azimuths for fall migrants released on overcast 
days were predominantly down-wind and each distribution was 
significant about its 6 (Fig. 8). Releases (c) and (d) occurred at 
1630 hrs and 1700 hrs (EST), respectively, and could be examples 
of the roosting orientation described for Fig. 7 (t). 
Thus, although the sun is an important cue in oriented flight, fall 
migrants utilize favorable winds to facilitate migration, but dis- 
play oriented flight without the aid of the wind. 
