1977] 
Shapiro — Reliquia phenotypes 
185 
periodic studies of circumequatorial insects, except for one paper 
by McLeod (1968) who excluded photoperiod as a factor in the 
seasonal polyphenism of an African Nymphalid. If, however, Re- 
liquia santamarta were a Pleistocene derivative of the Pieris calli- 
dice complex, it might be expected to show a latent polyphenism 
when reared under a laboratory regime that induces light pheno- 
types in that group. Long days, particularly continuous light, 
coupled with high temperatures are very effective in this regard 
(Shapiro, 1976a). 
Materials and Methods 
Eight females of R. santamarta were collected January 18-22, 
1977 at and near the type locality (headwaters of the Rio Cam- 
birumeina and south slope of Cerro Icachui, 3950-4400 m). They 
were induced to oviposit in camp by confining them in sunlight in 
cylindrical tins 9.5 X 10.5 cm, covered outside with white glazed 
paper and topped with gauze, containing fresh sprigs of local Cru- 
cifers as oviposition substrates and Composite flowers as nectar 
sources. One female was a virgin, but all the others laid at least a 
few eggs. Eggs were placed on the plants, the gauze, and the tins. 
They were transported by ground to Valledupar, Department of 
Cesar, on January 26 and thence by air to Cali, Department of 
Valle del Cauca, the next day, where the first hatch occurred in 
the afternoon. Rearing was carried out in Cali on continuous light 
from a 60w bulb in plastic Petri dishes 18 cm X 3 cm on fresh 
sprigs of the Crucifer Lepidium virginieum L. collected from a 
vacant lot; this common weed has often been used in experiments 
with Pierines and is a frequent wild host of North American mem- 
bers of the callidice group. The rearing temperature was 26.5° ± 
2° C. These conditions would induce light phenotypes in any 
Nearctic member of the callidice group which has been tested. 
Due to electricity rationing in Colombia, it was necessary to 
substitute a powerful candle for the lamp from 1800 to 1900 hours 
daily throughout the rearing period. My impression, based on pre- 
vious work with Pierines, is that this was read as “day” by the 
animals. Even if it was read as “night,” a 23-hour photophase has 
always been read as a “long day” by Nearctic species. 
R. santamarta proved difficult to rear under the experimental 
conditions in Cali. The culture started well, but about half the 
larvae died in the penultimate and ultimate instars of apparent 
