1958] 
Christiansen — Collembola 
65 
% quadrioculata % penicula 
Description of character 
having 
having 
Eyes unequal in size 
47 
86 
Largest setae posterior 
margin head twice smallest 
33 
100 
Brush-like mass long setae 
(4-5 rows) at end abdomen 
73 
100 
Gap of p.a.o. wider than lip 
93 
47 
Dentes with median dorsal seta 
47 
93 
Other differences examined (ex., angling p.a.o. dorsal 
chaetotaxy, occurence one-eyed forms, shape of mucro) 
showed even less differentiation, or differences so fine as 
to be impractical. In many populations of both species an 
occasional one-eyed form is to be found, and a few pop- 
ulations consist of such forms exclusively, without differing 
in any other visible respect from the four-eyed populations. 
The net result of this is to indicate that in the region 
studied there are two forms separable upon a basis of their 
manubrial chaetotaxy. It is convenient to consider them as 
two species but it must be understood that the real nature 
of their genetic relationship has yet to be established. 
In the Western Syrian region penicula is widely dis- 
tributed throughout the Lebanese mountains and the 
coastal plain, whereas quadrioculata is largely limited to 
the higher elevations of the Lebanon Mountains. 
Distribution of quadrioculata : Lebanon: Ain Z’Halte 
Cedars, 1700 M. vn ’52 & XI '52; between K’Fardebiene & 
Beskinta, 1900 M., VI ’53; Hadeth Cedars, 1700 M., vn ’53 
B’Charra Cedars, 1900 M., V ’53; Barouk Cedars, 1700 M.. 
vi ’53. 
Folsomia penicula Bagnall 
Folsomia penicula Bagnall 1939. Ent. Mo. Mag. 75:56-59. 
Folsomia tetropthalma Gisin 1946. Mitt. Scweiz. Ent. Ges. 20:219. 
(new Synonymy). 
Folsomia multiseta Stach 1947. Acta Monographica Polska Akademia 
umiejetnosci 138:172-177. (New Synonymy). 
Penicula was described for forms having two pairs of 
eyes with the posteriormost pair smaller than the fore pair 
and having a brush-like mass of setae at the end of the 
abdomen. In addition to this the members of the species are 
