io6 
Psyche 
[March 
illustrated (fig. 3F), the larva of B. notoperates has localized patches 
of denticles on the dorsum of the pronotum, a transverse row of 
setae on the mesonotum, two rows of setulae enclosing a row of setae 
on the metanotum, an oblique scattering of denticles on the flanks of 
the metanotum, and patches of denticles on each of the indistinctly 
3-segmented legs. Abdominal tergite-i has a dorsal transverse patch 
of denticles behind which stands a row of setae. Abdominal tergites-2 
through 5 have dorsal, transverse patches of denticles, and each seg- 
ment thereafter possesses only a transverse row of setae, except for 
segment- 10 which is encircled by a row of setae. Though not ap- 
pearing unusually modified, the apical abdominal segment serves, as 
in the first instar larva, as an adhesive holdfast. Denticles and setae 
alike are pale testaceous. As usual for Mecoptera, there are 9 spira- 
cles: one on the flank of the pronotum, and one on each of abdominal 
segments- 1 to 8. 
The larval head (fig. 4A) is convex and more or less ovoidal in 
face view. At the bases of the mandibles, lower halves of the antennal 
sockets, on the transverse sclerotized plaque on the proximal portion 
of the clypeus, the head is bright castaneous, as are the mandibles 
(except for their piceous tips and the cervical sclerites), all contrast- 
ing markedly from the pale ground color. The eyes possess three 
stemmata, the lower two of which have very convex lenses while the 
uppermost is smaller, flat and somewhat atrophied. Underlying and 
surrounding the stemmata is a distally attentuated patch of black 
pigment. The antennae have two obvious segments, and terminate 
in a bristle-like prolongation that may or may not be a true segment. 
Coronal, frontal and epistomal sutures are well marked and complete. 
The clypeus is roughly trapezoidal, the labrum apically emarginate; 
together they conceal the biting edges and tips of the closed mandibles. 
Almost all of the setae described and designated by Boese (1973) 
for the larval head of Panorpa species are to be found, similarly situ- 
ated, in B. notoperates. The differences between B. notoperates and 
Panorpa species lie in the absence in Boreas of a pair of setae (SO) 
immediately dorsal to the eye, the presence of but a single pair (in- 
stead of 2 pair) of setae (SI) on the labrum which, in addition, are 
not marginal as in Panorpa , the presence of but a single pair of setae 
on the mandibles (instead of 3), and the possession of an extra pair 
of setae, lacking in Panorpa , on the proximal edge of the medial 
third of the sclerotized clypeal band, just below the epistomal suture. 
In view of the notable differences between Boreas and Panorpa in 
