io8 
Psyche 
[March 
Bore us differs from that of other Mecoptera by lacking cerci; Byers 
(1961) showed their presence in B. brevicaudus , and I confirm their 
presence in B. notoperates as well. As Hepburn (1970) has already 
said, attempts to remove Boreidae to an order separate from the 
Mecoptera seems unjustified at this time. 
Pupa 
The metamorphosis to the pupa occurs in mid-August and in Sep- 
tember in B. notoperates as in the other Boreus for which pupation 
has been recorded. Its onset is first recognizable by a separation, 
elongation, hypertrophy and migration of the pigment of the larval 
eye. The pigment becomes aligned and compacted as three nodes 
which, at 20°C, over a period of a week or more, move as a unit 
posteriorly and obliquely to the orbital region of the head (figs. 
3F-I). For most of this period the larval jaws are functional, al- 
though feeding does not occur, and the larva moves about readily if 
disturbed. 
During migration of the pigment, the purplish compound eye de- 
velops as though its posterior edge, defined by the three nodes of 
black pigment, were its developmental origin of growth. By the time 
that the imaginal eye is nearly fully outlined (fig. 3I), the larval- 
pupal apolysis has been completed, and the pharate pupa no longer 
can move the larval mandibles. Evidently this remarkable sequence 
occurs in at least some beetles as well. The migration of the pigment 
of the larval eye to the rear of the head in Duvalius mallaszi subsp. 
chappuisi Jean., described and figured from preserved specimens by 
the puzzled Jeannel (1926), is certainly an example of the same 
phenomenon ; his specimens in which the pigment had separated from 
the stemmata are clearly pharate pupae. 
It is during the migration of the components of the developing 
pupal eye that spermatogenesis occurs in B. brumalis (Cooper 1940) 
and B. nmoriundus, and not in the last instar larva as I stated earlier. 
In B. notoperates , however, only spermatogonial divisions and early 
prophase stages of the first meiotic division occur in the pharate pupa,, 
the meiotic divisions and spermiogenesis taking place in the late pupa 
and pharate adult. 
Within one to several days following apolysis, the larval-pupal 
ecdysis ensues. Initially the pupa, in contrast to the greasy-yellow, 
late pharate pupa, is a translucent white with the tips of the mandi- 
bles brown, and the eyes a purplish brown. Within a week the body- 
