162 
Psyche 
[December 
characteristics for other ants and thus serve as a defensive 
mechanism which the major employs when acting as a 
janitor at the nest entrance. 
It is safe to infer that C. papago forages at night. Al- 
though I have examined hundreds of oak and mesquite 
limbs, some of which later proved to contain flourishing 
colonies of papago , I have never seen a worker outside the 
nest. This foraging must be a slow business, for papago 
is a rather sluggish ant. The minor workers can move with 
fair speed but the majors are so slow that it is easy to pick 
them up. Finally, the marriage flight of papago occurs 
throughout the month of July. In an ordinary year it 
would thus take place during the first half of the summer 
rainy season. 
Literature Cited 
1. Emery, Carlo 
Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., Vol. 52, p. 34, 1920. 
2. Wheeler, W. M. 
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 20, p. 150, 1904. 
3. Wheeler, W. M. 
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 77, No. 5, p. 214, 1934. 
4. Creighton, W. S. 
Ibid., Vol. 104, p. 392, 1950. 
