294 
Psyche 
[September 
moving away from the sound. An anecdote from our field notes 
illustrates this situation. Late in the season (1964), an active male 
crepitated to within one foot of a female who immediately started 
running away from the male. She ran behind a clump of grass and 
lodged herself in a crevice formed by a stone so that she was hidden 
from the chirping male. He became “disoriented”, moved a few 
inches in each of several directions and chirped two or three times 
every few seconds. Then he spurt-walked, buzzing at every pause. 
This behavior continued for 15 minutes and included two circuits. 
Each time he returned to the area, by about a foot, where he last 
saw the female. The female several times “peeked out” and, as the 
male approched the stone, backed in again. There seemed to be a 
regular decrease in the rate of the chirping and buzzing which 
finally ended when the male came to rest in an alert pose. After 
several minutes he crepitated away. We have observed a similar 
and normal ground behavior in the acridine Aeropedellus clavatus, 
wherein the male runs short distances over the ground, stops to 
buzz for several seconds, assumes a brief alert pose and then runs 
again,. 
Another peculiar aspect of the buzz is that we can “turn it on” 
sometimes. The reset mechanism of our Exakta camera resembles 
to our ears a crepitation (Fig. 3). Of 10 males in the field which 
were subjected to this sound (produced while one of us was lying 
prone about 15 inches away), five ran up to within three or four 
inches of the lens and then turned sideways to the camera and 
buzzed (Fig. 1). 
We have heard the flutter squeal three or four times in the field. 
Only once was the individual which produced it positively identified. 
A squeal-like sound is sometimes produced by a male captured in a 
net or picked up by hand. In captivity, in a large flight cage, it is 
more frequently produced. The squeal is given when a loud crepi- 
tation by another male passes less than two feet overhead. A squeal 
by a captive male, with the probable cause — a crepitation imme- 
diately preceding it, is illustrated in Fig. 6. Unfortunately, the 
sound intensity could not be measured directly with a sound-level 
meter, but we infer from cross-sections of the sound made by the 
audiospectrograph that it is <45 db at 4 inches. The one reaction 
to the squeal was noted in the field where the overhead male in 
crepitation flight suddenly deviated about 6o° and alighted seemingly 
prematurely near a squealing male. The landing male chirped in 
typical courtship manner and was answered by an intense flutt'er- 
rasp by the other male. 
