1969] 
Rambla — Cave Harvestmen 
405 
fourth tarsi are somewhat enlarged and have the inside edge sinuous. 
Diagnosis. Unlike the related C. goodnighti, this species lacks eyes 
and is yellowish orange in color. 
Habitat. These animals were found half-way through the cave 
in a chamber containing a. scattering of guano. This cave has an 
assortment of environments along an intermittent river, reached 
after a 27 foot vertical descent. Abundant cave fauna is present. 
Records. Eight female paratypes were collected with the holo- 
type. 
CONCLUSIONS 
Of these three new species, S. fiskei and C. pecki are certainly 
true cavernicoles. The third, C. goodnighti , does not show any 
adaptation to cave life ? and it probably is an epigeic form that has 
penetrated into the caves, but may be found both inside and out- 
side of caves. 
The similar appearance of S. fiskei and C. pecki is a manifestation 
of convergence toward a special kind of life more than of a true 
phylogenetic relationship. Actually C. pecki appears to be very 
closely related to C. goodnighti. These two species agree strongly 
with one another, and in spite of their different appearance, they 
still clearly show their relationship. 
Doubtlessly C. pecki is the nearest form to C. goodnighti , but 
adapted to cave life. This shows itself by different adaptations, 
such as the increased length of appendages. The palpus has about 
the same length as the body in C. goodnighti and is almost twice 
as long as the body in C. pecki. The length of the second pair of 
legs in this animal is extraordinarily increased as often occurs in 
blind species. In C. goodnighti eyes are present and the retina has 
the characteristic black color. Eyes and corneal lenses are absent in 
C. pecki , and there are no traces of black color in retina. Sclerotiza- 
tion, too, apears decreased in C. pecki. Hair-tipped tubercles are 
fewer in number and less developed. The prominences surrounding 
the spiracles in C. goodnighti have disappeared in C. pecki. 
Color of C. goodnighti is reddish brown, as is usual in epigeic 
forms. The coloration of C. pecki is pale yellowish, as is the 
tendency among the cave adapted phalangodids. 
The morphology of the male genitalia is particularly pertinent to 
evaluation of the relationship between these forms. The penes of 
C. pecki and C. goodnighti are of the same type, but in C. pecki 
longer and tighter, and with a delicate appearance. In contrast, the 
penis of S. fiskei is of a very different type (Figs. 8, 18, 26). 
