298 
Psyche 
[December 
AM 
HOURS 
PM 
6 
8 
10 12 14 16 
18 20 
F 
(f) 
F 
F 
[ Formica 
(f) 
F 
F F 
F 
F 
F F F F 
(F) 
(f) 
F 
Lasius f 
F 
(f) 
F 
F 
> F 
F 
F 
F 
F (F) 
(F) 
Acanthomyops f 
F 
F 
F 
Fig. 2. Flight hours. Each F represents for one species the halfway 
point between the earliest and latest literature records of flight; () indicate 
the most fragmentary records. The following are represented: FORMICA : 
dakotensis (Talbot 1971), fusca (Kannowski 1959a; Talbot 1965), montana 
(Kannowski 1963; Kannowski and Johnson 1969), neogagates (Talbot 
1966), obscuripes (Clark and Comanor 1972; Talbot 1971), obscuri'ventris 
(Talbot 1964), opaciventris (Scherba 1961), pallidefulva nitidiv entris (Tal- 
bot 1948), pergandei (Kannowski and Johnson 1969), pratensis (Eidmann 
1928; Wheeler 1908a), rufa (Donisthorpe 1927; Standen 1909), rufibarbis 
(Forel 1874a), sanguinea (Forel 1874b), subintegra (Kannowski 1963; 
Talbot and Kennedy 1940), subnitens (Ayre 1957), ulkci (Scherba 1958; 
Talbot 1959). LASIUS: alienus (Gosswald 1932; Hall 1887), brunneus 
(Forel 1874b; Schenck 1852), carniolicus (Kutter 1946), cmarginatus (Forel 
1874b, 1928), flavus (Donisthorpe 1927; Forel 1874b; Talbot 1965; Wilson 
1955), fuliginosus (Wilson 1955), ininutus (Kannowski 1959a; Talbot 1965), 
nearcticus (Wilson 1955), neoniger (Kannowski 1963; Talbot 1945, 1965; 
Wilson and Hunt 1966), nevadensis (Cole 1956), nlger (Donisthorpe 1927; 
Forel 1874b), pallitarsis (Medler 1958; Talbot 1965), speculiventfis (Kan- 
nowski 1959a; Talbot 1965), subumbratus (Kannowski 1971), umbratus 
(Crawley 1913; Forel 1874a, 1875; Kannowski 1963; Rau 1934)*. 
ACANTHOMYOPS: clavigcr (Talbot 1963, 1973), inter jectus (Talbot 
1963), latipes (Gregg 1963; Talbot 1963, 1973), murphyi (Talbot 1963), 
subglaber (Talbot 1973). 
*The morning record (Rau 1934) is most unusual for this species (Kan- 
nowski 1963) and I omitted it in plotting the midpoint in the graph. Craw- 
ley (1913) and Forel (1874a, 1875) may possibly refer to a sibling species 
of umbratus (cf. Wilson 1955). 
