1929] 
A New Pseudomasaris from California 
73 
strange mixture of primitive (or generalized) and of 
specialized features. The inner orbits are, as a rule, deeply 
emarginate ; the most notable exceptions being the Austral- 
ian Paragia, in which they are merely sinuate (they are, 
however, distinctly emarginate in the allied Metaparagia, 
likewise of Australia), the South African Ceramioides, in 
which the emargination is very broad and shallow (the 
related Ceramius and Paraceramius have it quite deep), 
and the South American Ceramiopsis . Since the emargi- 
nation of the eyes is commonly found in other related 
families of Hymenoptera, such as Scoliidae, Sapygidse, 
and Mutillidae, it is most probably a very old character, 
inherited from the common ancestral stock of all Diplop- 
tera. In this case the sinuate or subentire inner orbits 
should be regarded as a secondary or specialized condition. 
The mandibles are generally broad and short, folding 
over each other beneath the labrum or very slightly decus- 
sate. This may be regarded as the primitive condition 
retained by many Vespidae (except Eumeninse and Steno- 
gastrinae) . 
The clypeus is either truncate at apex or very broadly 
rounded, the more common and evidently primary condition 
among the Diploptera, where the pointed clypeus is only 
found as the rule in Ropalidiinse, Polistinae, Polybiinae, and 
Stenogastrinae, and very exceptionally elsewhere. 
The antennae are always composed of twelve segments 
in both female and male, although the terminal segments 
are often coalescing and hard to differentiate in the male. 1 
In almost all other Vespidae (including Gayellinae and 
Euparagiinae) the number of segments differs in the two 
sexes: as a rule it is 12 in the female and 13 in the male; 
in certain genera (Belonog aster, Polybioides) it is 11 in the 
female and 12 in the male. Another exception to the rule 
is the genus Pachodynerus, among the Eumeninae, where 
both sexes have 12 segments. Many Masaridinae show a 
marked tendency to a shortening of the scape and to a 
iBradley (1922, Op. cit., p. 389) states that in the female of Trimeria 
the antenna has only 11 segments. He had, however, not examined a 
specimen of that sex. In a female of T. buyssoni before me the antenna 
is distinctly 12-segmented. 
