164 
Psyche 
[September 
ber occurred six times, five loads occurred three times, three 
loads twice, while in only one instance did she carry only 
two loads for one mouthful of water. 
Another bee working from 2:03% to 3:01 p.m. made 
twelve trips, and carried out 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 2, 5, 5, 2, 1, 2 
loads, or thirty-two balls of earth in 57% minutes ; she was 
not quite as industrious as the first one. A third one also 
made twelve trips in the same hour, and carried out 1, 7, 2, 
2, 0, 4, 3, 2, 2, 6, 2, and 2, totaling 33 loads. This is sufficient 
to show that there is no regularity in the number of balls 
removed. 
I was unable to ascertain whether the entire amount of 
water was ejected at one time and the dirt thereby softened, 
or whether, as in the wasp Odynerus geminus, only a little 
water at a time was disgorged upon the spot, the mud bitten 
out, and then another spot moistened. 
By the middle of July, I found the Anthophora abrupta 
had entirely disappeared, and some of the chimneys were 
dropping to the ground beneath. When these bees had 
completed their work, neither the chimney nor the tunnel 
was plugged up, and, since the former often dropped 
through disintegration soon after the work was completed, 
it seemed that they could serve no utilitarian purpose ex- 
cepting during nidification. Some of the turrets were built 
so well that they withstood the winter, remaining intact for 
a year or more. 
Chalcid parasites of the genus Monodontomerus were 
abundant about the bank, loitering about the holes, wait- 
ing for the provisioning to take place. They were indolent, 
and did not even evade when one attempted to take them in 
the fingers. Many of the empty pupal cases of Anthophora 
abrupta harbored several of these live chalcids. In one 
cocoon I found twenty living pupae of this parasite on June 
28th, and since the adults were plentiful there a month 
earlier, the finding of the pupae at that date indicated a 
second generation. On June 24, 1920, several cells of this 
mining-bee were brought indoors. They were not examined 
until September 2, when several chalcid parasites emerged. 
To be exact, there were 109 females and 39 males from 
four cells, or an average of 35 to each cell. Of the other 
