1930 ] A Neiv Parasitic Crematogaster 57 
nent social parasites as Vesjpa austriaca and arctica 
among wasps, the species of the genus Psithyrus 
among bumble bees and those of the genera Wheel- 
eriella and Epoecus among ants, rather than Aner- 
gates and Anergatides, in which the modifications 
due to parasitism are so considerable. 
5. There is only one consideration that would seem to 
cast doubt on the interpretion of the small red and 
black females and their males as workerless para- 
sites and that is the presence of perfectly developed 
virgin lineolata females in the same nest, because we 
should expect the mother queen of the host colony to 
have been eliminated just after the intrusion of the 
parasite and hence to have been incapable of leaving 
either female or worker offspring. It is conceivable, 
however, either that the mother queen of the new 
Crematogaster may manage to secure her own adop- 
tion and the rearing of her offspring in the lineolata 
colony without supplanting its mother queen, or that 
the suppression of the latter may be greatly delayed 
and the rearing to maturity of her female offspring 
be permitted by the worker personnel. 
6. That the small red and black females are parasites 
and are fertilized in the nest (as in Anergates atrat- 
ulus , though this form has wingless, pupa-like males, 
so that a marriage flight is out of the question) is in- 
dicated by the fact that the 14 specimens are in part 
winged and in part wholly or partially dealated, 
whereas the seven females of lineolata show no in- 
dications of losing their wings. And though Miss A. 
M. Fielde found that mating may take place in the 
nest in our common lineolata , the conditions in Pro- 
fessor Kennedy’s colony suggest that the red and 
black females are more precocious than the winged 
females of their host. The differences in the behavior 
of the two kinds of females, noticed by Professor 
Kennedy, are also very suggestive in this connection. 
As shown in the following description, the female of the 
new Crematogaster may be readily distinguished from the 
