70 
Psyche 
[March 
sac-like vestige (Fig. c) of a wing from forms similar to 
Fig. c would fall into the third group. The third group 
apparently represents the stage just preceding total aptery 
and is, therefore, phylogenetically, the most recent con- 
dition. 
In addition to the pseudogynes found in this nest another 
interesting group of four specimens was noted. These 
were supposedly workers possessing vestiges of both fore 
and hind wings. On examining a specimen of this form 
the writer finds it to be a dealated female, the stubs of 
wings giving the impression of vestigial wings. However, 
this particular specimen is extremely interesting from an- 
other point of view, as it possesses a propodeal spine on 
the right side of the body and none on the left. (Fig. d) 
Since spines do not occur on this particular species this 
specimen may be classified as a freak, since it is probably 
an atavistic form. 
Literature Cited 
Brues, C. T. 1903. The Structure and Significance of 
Vestigial Wings Among Insects. Biol. Bull. Vol. IV, 
No. 4. 
Creighton , W. S. 1928. Notes on Three Abnormal Ants. 
Psyche, Vol. XXXV, No. 1. 
Dewitz. 1878. Beitrage zur postembryonalen Gliedmas- 
senbildung bei den Insecten. Zeitsch. f. wiss. Zool., 
XXX, Suppl. pp. 78-105, Taf. V. 
Shapley, Harlow. 1920. Notes on Pterergates in the 
Californian Harvester Ant. Psyche, XXVII, No. 4. 
1921. Preliminary Report on Pterergates in Pogono- 
myrmex calif ornicus. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Vol. 6, 
No. 12, pp. 687-690. 
Snodgrass, R. E. 1926. Morphology and Mechanism of 
the Insect Thorax. Smithsonian Publication, No. 2915. 
Wheeler, W. M. 1903. Worker Ants with Vestiges of 
Wings. Bull. Amer. Mus. of Nat. Hist. Vol. XXI, 
Art. 24, pp. 405-408. 
