1930 ] 
Orders of Insects 
157 
THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE MAJOR ORDERS 
OF INSECTS 
By C. W. Woodworth 
University of California, Berkeley, Cal. 
The relationships of the minor orders have been very 
frequently discussed, but that of the major orders have 
been given very scant consideration. The six major orders 
have been arranged in more than thirty different ways and 
in the last ten years fifteen authors have used ten different 
arrangements, half of which had not been employed 
previously. 
The following table gives in chronological order the 
arrangements that have been used, the initial of the orders 
Orthoptera, R (Rhynchota) Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Dip- 
tera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera, being employed to 
make a formula for each arrangement. The sign % is used 
to separate those authors using the same arrangement but 
in the reverse order. 
1735 C 0 R L H D (Aristotle, Aldrovandus) Linnseus 
1735, Geoffrey 1764, Illiger 1798, Latreille 1796, 
Leach 1817, Lacordaire 1838, Harris 1841, Ruschen- 
berger 1852. 
1752 L H R 0 C D Degeer 1752, Olivier 1789. 
1775 C 0 H L R D Fabricius 1775, 1787, 1792, Lamark 
1819, Latreille 1821, Westwood 1839, Carpenter 
1858, Gervais and Van Beneden 1859, Staveley 1871, 
Girard 1873, Le Baron 1874, Thomas 1876, Kirby 
1892 i Brumpt 1922. 
1798 C 0 H D L R Clairville 1798. 
1805 H C 0 R L D Cuvier 1805, Hagen 1863, Cook 
1889. 
