310 
Psyche 
1. Hippobosca equina Linnaeus 
[December 
Hippobosca equina Linnaeus, 1758, “Syst. Nat.,” 10th Ed., 
I, p. 607 (no sex given; Europe and North America). 
Austen, 1906, “Illustr. Brit. Blood-Suck. Flies,” p. 63, 
PI. XXXI. Newstead, Dutton and Todd, 1907, Ann. 
Trop. Med. Paras., I, p. 90, figs. 17 ( $ ) and 18 (pupa- 
rium). Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1926, Parasitology, 
XVIII, p. 49, PI. IV, figs. 3 and 4 ( 9 $). 
Hippobosca equi Macquart, 1835, “Hist. Nat. Ins. Dipt.,” 
II, p. 638, PI. XXIV, fig. 8 (error for H. equina). 
Hippobosca taurina Rondani, 1879, Boll. Soc. Ent. Italiana, 
XI, pp. 24 and 25 (no sex given; off cattle in central 
Italy). 
Specimens Examined. — Sweden: (Ljungh). Germany: 
Berlin. Spain: Montanegos (Cevera) ; Escurial; Iviza, 
Baleares \(W. M. Wheeler). France: Banyuls-sur-Mer, 
Pyr. Or., off a dog (G. Dimmock). Sardinia: (Krausse). 
Turkey: Reshadie (H. R. Hagan). Egypt: (S. H. Scud- 
der). New Caledonia: Plum Farm (T. D. A. Cockerell). 
Belgian Congo: Kitobola, two males, 1913 (Rovere). Phil- 
ippines: Manila (M. J. Myers). 
Distribution.- — This common species is known in Eng- 
land as the “forest-fly,” after the New Forest in Hamp- 
shire, where it is particularly abundant. It may have been 
at first restricted to southern Europe and western Central 
Asia; but nowadays it is found throughout Europe (as 
far north as Lapland, and also in the British Isles), North- 
ern Africa (as far south as Biskra), the Canary Islands, 
Madeira, the Azores, the Senegal, the Anglo-Egyptian 
Sudan, Egypt, Palestine, Asia Minor, India, the Sunda 
Islands, the Philippines, Celebes, Fiji, the New Hebrides 
and New Caledonia (introduced about 1890). It has been 
seen on freshly imported horses in Australia, but it does 
not seem to have become established there. Linnaeus (1758) 
mentioned North America as part of the habitat and Loew 
[1864, Amer. Jl. Sci. Arts, (2) XXXVII, p. 318] included 
