324 
Psyche 
[December 
given ; off ostriches ; Mt. Steward, Cape Province, 
South Africa). Ormerod, 1890, Agri, JL, Cape Town, 
II, p. 293. Austen, 1903, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 
XII, p. 259 (9 $ ) ; 1909, “Illustr. African Blood- 
Suck. Flies,” p. 171, PI. XIII, fig. 98 ( $ ) . Speiser, 
1909, in Sjostedt, “Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Zool. Exp. 
Kilimandjaro,” II, Abt. 10, 1, p. 5. S. A. Neave, 1912, 
Bull, Ent. Res., Ill, pp. 311, 317, and 320. Bedford, 
1927, 11th and 12th Repts. Dir. Vet. Res. South Africa, 
I, p. 782. 
Hippobosca struthionis var. massaica Speiser, 1909, in 
Sjostedt, “Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Zool. Exp. Kilimand- 
jaro,” II, Abt. 10, 3, p. 30 (off Struthio camelus mas - 
saicus Neumann; Tanganyika Territory near Mt. Kili- 
manjaro) . 
Specimens Examined. — Cape Province : many specimens 
without definite locality (C. P. Lounsbury) ; Willowmore, 
numerous specimens off ostriches, Struthio camelus aus- 
tralis Gurney (H. Brauns). Southwest Africa: Aroab 
(W. S. Brooks). 
Distribution. — H. struthionis has been recorded from 
the Cape Province of South Africa, Transvaal, Tanganyika 
Territory, and Kenya Colony. It probably occurs over the 
entire range of Struthio camelus Linnseus, which nowadays 
extends over the Arabian-Syrian desert, the Sudan, and 
parts of East and South Africa (see Reichenow, 1900, Die 
Vogel Afrikas, I, pp. 5-13). Even within historic times, 
however, this bird was more widely distributed in Africa 
than at present. In former geologic periods, the Struthi- 
onidse covered also much of Central Asia and Southern 
Europe, as shown by fossil remains. 
Hosts. — This fly is a strictly specific parasite of the 
ostrich, all the living forms or races of which are now 
regarded as belonging to a single species. The parasite is 
unusually abundant on its host in South Africa. 
Affinities. — In many particulars H. struthionis occu- 
pies an isolated position in the genus and it is probably 
