1930 ] 
Permian Insects of Kansas 
345 
that such a discovery ‘suggests very strongly that the in- 
sects of this family rested with outspread wings, as did the 
Palseodictyoptera and Megasecoptera.’ It is true that 
among Asthenohymenidse specimens ‘occur, in which one 
wing is laid exactly over the other/ but the same takes 
place in the case of the Zygoptera, and this manner of 
resting in Zygoptera in no way proves that they are allied 
to the Hymenoptera or to any other Holometabola or even 
Neoptera. When an insect of the division Neoptera, for 
instance a Neuropteron, puts its wings on the dorsum in 
roof-shaped manner, the upper surface of the wings is 
exposed upwards and outwards, with costal borders placed 
beneath, along the support. On the contrary, in Zygoptera, 
as also in some Agnatha, when at rest the upper surfaces 
of the wings are turned inwards, with the dorsal borders 
looking upwards, i. e., the manner of folding the wings at 
rest is very different in the Zygoptera and in the Neoptera. 
Perhaps some forms of Protohymenoptera could ‘fold’ their 
wings back on the dorsum, but such ‘folding,’ in all proba- 
bility, recalled that of the Zygoptera or of the Agnatha, 
but not of the Hymenoptera or Copeognatha, or in general, 
of the Neoptera. Further, such facts as that the fore and 
hind wings in the ‘Protohymenoptera’ were of almost equal 
size, had the same wing venation, were not linked together 
in flight by hooklets, or by any hairs, and had some veins, 
at least the costa and the radius ‘serrated along its outer 
edge, in exactly the same manner as that in Odonata,’ 
clearly manifests that the whole order belongs to the divi- 
sion Paleoptera and is allied partly to the Megasecoptera, 
partly to the Odonata and Protodonata. The membrane 
of the wings was glassy, as in Agnatha or in Megasecop- 
tera or in Odonata. Many Neuroptera, Mecoptera and 
Hymenoptera and even some Trichoptera have also a glassy 
membrane, but in these groups the wing membrane is 
furnished not only with chetoids . . . but also with numer- 
ous true hairs. In the wings of the Hymenoptera both 
chetoids and hairs are present everywhere, though the 
hairs sometimes become very small, minute. The wing 
membrane in the Odonata and Agnatha, as well as, proba- 
bly, in Megasecoptera, is really glassy, i. e., perfectly de- 
prived of both hairs and chetoids. One should suppose 
