364 
Psyche 
[December 
When I commenced my study of the Protohymenoptera 
in the Harvard collection, I was astonished to find that 
in the obverse halves of the fossils (with Sc concave) the 
convexities and concavities of the other veins were directly 
opposite those which Tillyard described as characteristic 
of the Protohymenoptera ; all the veins which he had indi- 
cated as convex ( + ) were concave (-) in my specimens, 
and vice versa. The explanation of this became clear, how- 
ever, when I examined the Yale types which Tillyard had 
studied. In Protohymen and Permohvmen the subcosta 
is crowded between R + M on one side and the costa on the 
other; only at the very base of the wing (see fig. 1) is it 
free and independent of these other veins, and here only 
can it be seen distinctly. In all the Yale specimens, as I 
have previously mentioned, the bases of the wings are 
either obliterated or very poorly preserved; consequently 
Tillyard was unable to see the subcosta where it was best 
developed. In the Doteridse (Asthenohymenidse) the sub- 
costa is free from R and the costa, but it is quite short. 
Tillyard seems to have had some difficulty in identifying 
the subcosta in the Yale specimens of Doter, and concluded 
that it was “obsolescent.” He says, “A peculiarity about 
this genus is the difficulty of determining the exact limits 
of the obsolescent Sc, the main vein R, and the delicate 
traces of the basal portions of M and Cu running beneath. 
This seems to be due to the fact that both costa and R are 
somewhat widened and flattened veins, while Sc and the 
basal part of M and Cu are very slender and faint. . . . 
It is possible that both Sc and Rs are really fused with R 
right to its apex. . . Here again I believe that Tillyard’s 
difficulty was largely due to the fact that the bases of the 
wings of the Yale specimens of Doter were not well pre- 
served, if preserved at all ; this I have already mentioned 
in connection with the shape of the wings. The holotype 
kansanensis is the one exception to this, but when Till- 
yard examined this specimen, the base of the anterior 
margin was partly covered by a piece of limestone, as 
shown in his figure. When I studied the type, I removed 
this chip of rock with a needle, exposing the subcosta for 
nearly its full length. With the assistance of the photogra- 
pher of the Peabody Museum I obtained a fine photograph 
