6o 
Psyche 
[March -June 
that of Carahus (Figs. 2, 8, 9) ; while the grade C configuration 
of the other species, Pristonychus complanatus Dejean (Agonini), 
is similar to that of Pterostichus (Figs. 3, 14, 15). 
Placing a drop of clove oil on an antenna stimulates rapid groom- 
ing behavior, even under the high light intensities used for motion 
picture photography. Except for rate, antenna cleaning behavior of 
beetles stimulated with clove oil differs little from that observed 
in carabids subjected to less violent stimuli (talc, india ink) at low 
light levels. 
Scaphinotus begins an act of antenna grooming by lowering the 
body and by lowering the head and twisting it ventrally towards 
the side about to be cleaned. The antenna is held nearly perpendicu- 
lar to the body. The proleg is then raised and lowered on the 
antenna near segment one. The antenna is now located between 
the tibial spurs and held against the setal band by the clip setae. 
The proleg is depressed until it touches the substrate, moving seg- 
ments one to four or five through the cleaning setae (Fig. 32). The 
rest of the antenna is drawn through the antenna cleaner by raising 
the head and the rest of the body (Figs. 33, 34). The proleg is 
stationary after reaching the substrate. 
As the antenna is being cleaned, it is bent into three sections 
(Fig. 33). The segments about to be cleaned lie on or close to the 
substrate, next to the tarsi, and are nearly perpendicular to the 
Figs. 35, 36. Antenna cleaning behavior of Pristonychus complanatus De- 
jean. See text for details. 
