158 
Psyche 
[September 
Table I. 
Behaviors shown 
; during copulation by males of 
treated and 
untreated 
pairs of Lycosa ra 
bida. (The 
first figure represents 
the number 
of males 
showing that behavior ; the next figure, the number 
Courtship Disorientation 
Both $ palps 
of males tested.) 
Tying Pseudo- 
down insertion 
lacking 
Both $ palps 
7/10 
6/10 
3/10 
fixed dorsad 
One $ palp 
5/5 
4/5 
4/5 
0/5 
lacking 
One $ palp 
4/10 
1/10 
2/10 
2/10 
fixed dorsad 
Both $ 
4/5 
1/5 
1/5 
0/5 
pores sealed 
One $ 
1/5 
0/5 
0/5 
4/5 
pore sealed 
$ and $ 
2/5 
0/5 
0/5 
4/5 
untreated 
0/10 
0/10 
0/10 
0/10 
Many of the above results are summarized in Table I. Data for 
males treated prior to the final molt are grouped with those for males 
treated similarly after the final molt. There did not seem to be a 
difference in performance between the pre- and the post-molt-treated 
males. Further reduction of the data is provided in Table II, in 
which experimental pairings are reduced to three classes of treatment. 
Details of palpal moistening behavior were studied in the various 
experimental pairs. Males entirely lacking one palp moistened the 
available palp only after using it in an insertion or an insertion 
attempt. They did not perform moistening of the available palp 
after visiting the palpless side. Some males of this experimental 
category possessed a vestigial palp (complete but smaller and lacking 
a genital bulb). Insertion attempts with the latter were accom- 
panied by synchronous leg spine erections, but were not followed 
by palpal moistening. On the other hand, after insertions or insertion 
attempts of the functional palp, both palps were involved in bouts 
of palpal moistening. In pairings of normal males with females 
having sealed copulatory pores, many of the groups of insertion at- 
tempts culminated in a bout of palpal moistening, which always 
began with the palp used in the attempts. 
Males having both palps fixed dorsad and males lacking both 
palps performed behavior associated with moistening of the unavailable 
palps. After adopting a medial position above the female’s carapace 
and tilting his body caudad, such a male alternately spread and 
closed his chelicerae for a period of time in a manner similar to that 
