230 
Psyche 
[December 
in front (Figs. 20, 30) ; in Hypsosinga it is rectangular or wider 
behind. The carapace of the female is shiny and has no thoracic 
depression (Figs. 22, 32) ; in the male it has a short longitudinal 
line. The first coxa of the Singa male, unlike that of the Hypso- 
singa male, has a hook on the side. The height of the clypeus is 
equal to or less than the diameter of the anterior median eyes 
(Figs. 20, 30) ; in Hypsosinga it is higher. The second tibia of the 
Singa male may be modified; in Hypsosinga the first tibia may be 
modified. In Singa the sides of the abdomen are almost parallel and 
the abdomen overhangs the spinnerets. There are two dorsal longi- 
tudinal black bands on the abdomen of Singa (Figs. 21, 22, 31, 32). 
The female genitalia differ from those of Hypsosinga in that 
Singa has a scape on the epigynum (Figs. 6, 11, 25). The palpus 
of the Singa male has an enormous terminal apophysis (A in Figs. 
3, 5» 9), ending in a sclerotized spine and located in the contracted 
palpus on the outer side of a rather narrow tegulum (Fig. 5). 
Below the terminal apophysis, a heavily sclerotized hook, perhaps 
the subterminal apophysis (SA in Figs. 1, 3, 10), lies hidden in the 
contracted bulb. The embolus may have a lamella (Figs. 1, 9) ; 
it does not seem to have a part that breaks off in mating. The stipes 
( I in Fig. 1 ) is a distinct sclerite in S. hamata , but is apparently 
fused to the embolus in S. keyseriingi (Fig. 9). The tegulum is 
widest near the base of the conductor (Figs. 2, 3, 10). 
Natural History. Surprisingly little is known about the habits of 
Singa. They make a complete orb. Nielsen (1932, Biology of 
Spiders, 2 ; fig. 330) has a picture of the retreat of S. hamata. Both 
American species prefer moist locations, and adults are found through- 
out the season. G. Piihringer (personal communication) told me 
that Singa phragmiteti Nemenz is common on reeds along the Neu- 
siedler See in Austria. It prefers a site above water and has to be 
collected from a boat. I suspect that American species have similar 
habits, which may account for the few specimens in collections. 
Distribution. Species are known only from Eurasia and temperate 
North America. All others described are probably misplaced. 
Misplaced American Species. (This list of names follows Roewer, 
1942, Katalog der Araneae. The types of the species, unless indicated 
otherwise, have been examined. Species placed in Hypsosinga are 
not listed.) 
abbreviata Keyserling, 1879 — Theridiosomatidae. 
bengryi Archer, 1958 = Metepeira bengryi (Archer), new com- 
bination. 
