242 
Psyche 
[December 
4a. Posterior transverse part of epigynal scape wider than length of 
scape (Fig. 61); distal edge of palpal tegulum and tegulum 
spur smooth (Fig. 68) ; widespread singaeformis 
4b. Posterior transverse part of epigynal scape shorter than length 
of scape (Fig. 90) ; distal edge of tegulum and tegulum spur 
jagged (Fig. 97) ; Northwest Territories to Greenland 
groenlandica 
Hypsosinga sanguinea (C. L. Koch) 
Figures 35-43 
Singa sanguinea C. L. Koch, 1845, Arachniden, vol. 11, p. 155, pi. 951, 9 . 
Female holotype presumably in the Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt 
Universitat, Berlin, not examined. Wiehle, 1931, in Dahl, Tierwelt 
Deutschlands, vol. 23, p. 49, figs. 69, 70, 9 , $. Locket and Miliidge, 
1953, British Spiders, vol. 2, p. 155, figs. 103, D, E, 104, C, 9 , $. 
Hypsosinga sanguinea, — Ausserer, 1871, Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 
vol. 21, p. 823. 
Singa atra Kulczynski, 1885, Denkschr. Akad. Wissenschaft. Krakau, vol. 11, 
p. 23, pi. 9, fig. 6, 9 . Two female syntypes from Kamchatka in the 
Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; examined, new synonymy. 
Note. The syntypes of Singa atra are slightly larger than speci- 
mens examined from Central Europe and the median raised part of 
the epigynum is slightly wider. 
Natural History. This species lives close to the ground, some- 
times in heather, but also in limestone areas. The web has 19-21 
spokes, the center is 15 cm above the ground and the diameter of the 
web is 53 mm. The spider remains in the center; it has no retreat. 
Adult males are found in May and June, females until August 
(Wiehle, 1931; Locket and Miliidge, 1953). 
Distribution. Eurasia and North Africa. In the Museum of 
Comparative Zoology are specimens from Formosa (Taiwan). 
Hypsosinga variabilis (Emerton) 
Figures 44-57; Map 2 
Singa variabilis Emerton, 1884, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., vol. 6, p. 322, 
pi. 34, fig. 16, pi. 37, figs. 19-21, 9 , $. Two male and five female 
syntypes from New Haven, Connecticut in the Museum of Comparative 
Zoology; examined. McCook, 1893. American Spiders, vol. 3, p. 233, 
pi. 20, figs. 11-13, pi. 19, fig. 7, 9 , $. Kaston, 1948, Bull. Connecticut 
Geol. Natur. Hist. Surv., vol. 70, p. 241, figs. 760-765, 9 , $. 
Microneta distincta Banks, 1892, Proc. Acad. Natur. Sci. Philadelphia, 
p. 48, pi. 2, fig. 53, $. Male type from Ithaca, New York, in the 
Museum of Comparative Zoology; examined, new synonymy. 
Linyphia bicolor Banks, 1906, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington, vol. 7, p. 97. 
One female, two male syntypes from Olympia, Washington in the 
