28? 
1971] Carpenter & Richardson — Pennsylvanian Insects 
Handlirsch’s Paralogopsis longipes , also from the ironstone nod- 
ules, may belong to the family Paralogidae, as suggested by Hand- 
lirsch ( 1 9 1 1 ) . However, since the species is known only from a 
small fragment that lacks the areas of the wings including the struc- 
tures indicative of the family, we consider any attempt to make fam- 
ily assignment really futile. In fact, Handlirsch’s publication of 
generic and specific names for such a small fragment is regrettable, 
for it is doubtful that even a good specimen of the insect, if one 
were ever found, could be rcognized as conspecific with his type. 
In any event, should longipes turn out to belong to the Paralogidae, 
obvious differences in the origins of Ri, Rs and MA, and in the 
branching of iA, separate that species from makowskii. 
Order Protothoptera 
Included in the Herdina collection is a specimen of a remarkable 
protorthopteron, which appears to be a brachypterous adult. Its 
venational pattern, which is similar in both fore and hind wings, 
resembles very closely that of the Cacurgidae, but in its total struc- 
ture the insect represents an undescribed family. 
Family Herdinidae, new family 
This is related to the Cacurgidae on the basis of the following 
venational features: CuA and MP are fused basally and CuP is 
forked at least once, with its more anterior branch coalescing with 
CuA. The distinctive characteristics of the new family are as fol- 
lows: the base of the costal area is strongly sclerotized and is with- 
out veins; Sc and Ri teminate well before the apex of the wing; 
Rs arises at about mid-wing, with at least two main branches; MP 
diverges from the stem of CuA well before mid-wing and gives rise 
to at least one main branch. Cross veins are numerous and they form, 
with longitudinal veins, a coarse net- work over the entire wing. 
The hind wing is much smaller than the fore wing but with the 
exception of the narrow costal area the venational pattern is similar 
to that of the fore wing; there is no anal fan or enlarged anal area. 
Small tubercles are distributed over the longitudinal and cross veins 
of both the fore and hind wings. The prothorax was apparently large 
and possessed a cordate shield. 
This family is readily distinguished from the Cacurgidae by the 
reticulate nature of the cross veins and by having Rs much less ex- 
tensively developed, in addition to the obvious differences in the form 
of the fore wing 
