1971] Carpenter £sf Richardson — Pennsylvanian Insects 
293 
Figure 19. Herdina mirificus, n.sp. Photograph of fore and hind wings 
of holotype, No. H 412a, Herdina collection (obverse). 
tures are in the form of bluntly rounded projections or tubercles; 
they do not seem to be setae . 11 
At first glance, one might consider the type specimen of Herdina 
mirificus , with its short wings, to be a nymphal form, rather than 
an adult. However, there are several major points against this in- 
terpretation. The most important of these is the obvious nature of 
the wings, themselves; they are not wing pads, included in a wing 
sheath, but are fully sclerotized, with a definite venational pattern, 
including all cross veins. Furthermore, the wings themselves are not 
like those of any neopterous nymph known; they are independent of 
each other and not attached to the adjacent part of the thoracic wall 
of the insect, as they are in all Recent nymphal forms. It might be 
argued that the insect represents a newly hatched adult in which the 
wings had not yet reached full development. If this were the case, 
it seems most unlikely that the veins in the wings would be so dis- 
tinctly and clearly preserved. Actually, the occurrence of brachyp- 
tery among the Protorthoptera is not surprising, in view of the 
1J If figure 20 is held in an inverted position, the veins will appear to 
most readers as they are in the obverse half of the fossil. 
