1971] Carpenter & Richardson — Pennsylvanian Insects 
295 
be closely related to Herdina , i.e. the Cacurgidae and Omaliidae. 
H ence, we do not know if the hind wing venation in these families 
was like that of other Protorthoptera or if it was like that of the 
fore wings, as in Herdina. Such a condition does occur, however, 
among several existing orders of Neoptera (Isoptera and Embiop- 
tera, for example). In these the homonomous condition is apparently 
derived from a previous heteronomous one; the same was almost cer- 
tainly true for the Herdinidae. 
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