1971] 
Kukalovd-Peck — Dunbaria 
313 
ments, the first abdominal segment shorter than the following ones; 
the eleventh segment vestigial, divided by a deep median incision; 
cerci originating from the eleventh segment, markedly robust and 
annulated. 
The external genitalia, which are well-preserved in specimen 1002, 
are of special interest. At first sight, they are reminiscent of the 
valves of an ovipositor and they were interpreted as such by B ill- 
yard (1925, p. 334, fig. 3). This appearance, however, is mostly due 
to preservation, which must be discussed next. 
The abdomen is dorsoventrally flattened in the fossil, but the very 
end is twisted so that the terminal segments show a lateral view 
in part. The sternites and the genital appendages are slightly super- 
imposed on the 10th and nth tergites. As preserved, the abdomen 
could be considered comparable to a cylindrical body, flattened by 
pressure which is directed obliquely to the dorsoventral level, while 
the under surface of the cylindrical body splits. As a consequence, 
the genital structures appear more or less in ventral view (fig. 2B). 
The genital structures (fig. 2B-K) are interpreted here as male 
claspers. They originate at the posterior margin of the 9th seg- 
ment, are paired and diverge slightly distally and extend beyond the 
length of the body. They are not sclerotized and their surface is 
covered with scattered stiff, short hairs that are irregularly distrib- 
uted and directed posteriorly. Beneath the claspers there is another 
pair of slender processes, terminating in two thin, posteriorly curved, 
sclerotized projections; these bear a dense covering of transverse 
striae. The whole structure resembles the parameres (Fig. 2 B-P) 
of insects by their position and morphology. 
Several features suggest that the processes described above are 
male structures and not valves of an ovipositor as Tillyard assumed: 
their general morphology, characteristic attachment to the 9th ster- 
nite, their unsclerotized nature and the presence of posteriorly di- 
rected stiff and solitaiy hairs. These features are contrary to what 
is known about the ovipositor in Palaeodictyoptera and about ovi- 
positors in general. The female genitalia are known in the family 
Spilapteridae, to which Dunbaria belongs, in the closely related spe- 
cies Homaloneura ornata Brongniart (Kukalova, 1969, p. 179, fig. 
7) ; the ovipositor does not differ from that of other Palaeodictyop- 
tera, Megasecoptera and Diaphanopterodea. The valves in all of 
these related orders are curved, heavily sclerotized and resemble in 
shape and their broad attachment the valves of some dragonflies 
(Kukalova, 1969, p. 449, fig. 32). If they are provided with hairs, 
