1971] 
W endelken & Barth — Parcohlatta 
3 21 
in some cases a male will run about with his wings continuously 
raised. All of these variations in wing raising are frequently per- 
formed while the male is engaged in forward locomotion. The 
occurrence of wing raising while the male locomotes forward has 
also been observed in Periplaneta americana (Barth, 1970; Simon 
and Barth, in prep.). 
As the wings are raised, they are frequently spread laterally. 
Wing fluttering usually accompanies lateral spreading. The wings 
are fluttered at the high point of the wing raise and during the 
flutter the tegmina are spread laterally from the sagittal plane to 
an angle of 10 to 50 degrees (but usually about 45 degrees) and 
their lateral edges are directed forward. The wings are slightly 
less spread laterally and are not elevated as much vertically. For 
instance, if the tegmina are raised to 80 degrees during a flutter, 
the wings are only raised to about 60 degrees. One observation 
may be cited which underlines the amount of variation possible with 
regard to wing raising. In this case a male ran around very excitedly 
with his wings continuously elevated to about 20 degrees and then 
periodically raised them completely, very rapidly, with fluttering at 
the point of maximum elevation. 
During the wing raising displays, the abdomen is flexed so that 
the dorsal surface is convex and the tip contacts the substratum. 
2. Male displays in the vicinity of the female 
The majority of male-female contacts are very brief. Unreceptive 
females most frequently decamp rapidly immediately after coming 
into contact with a male. When a sexually aroused male makes 
contact with a female, he immediately raises his wings, turns away 
from the female, and backs. The wing raising display, turning, and 
backing are all released by the initial momentary antennal contact; 
no further contact with the female is required. The elevation of the 
wings in the male’s display varies from display to display and is any- 
where from 15 to 80 degrees. The amount of turning varies between 
90 and 180 degrees. The male’s abdomen is arched so that its dorsal 
surface is convex and the tip touches the substratum. The male’s 
backing movement may be oriented toward the female from any 
direction. 
Two cases were observed, one of which led to a successful 
copulation, in which the female contacted the male from behind 
(without contacting his antennae) resulting in the male wing raising 
and backing but without any turning. It seems that in these in- 
