2 
Psyche 
[February 
Speyeria idalia (Drury). — The odor of the male is uniformly 
strong and resembles that of the males of Argynnis cybele and A. 
aphrodite, but is sweeter and more flowery. Mr. Scudder com- 
pared it to musk, but it is to me more flowery than mhsk. 
Argynnis cybele (Fabricius). — The males have a faint to 
strong spicy odor resembling sweet flag or sandal-wood which 
can always be detected and is sometimes strong enough to be 
evident when the insect is fluttering in the net. It is strong in 
one individual out df every four or five and is often exceptionally 
strong in very worn examples. Very fresh insects appear always 
to be nearly, sometimes indeed quite, odorless. It appears to 
take some time after the wings are fully formed and functional 
for the odoriferous secretion to become diffused sufficiently to 
give the characteristic fragrance. 
Mr. Scudder specifically stated that both this species and 
the following are scentless. It is probable that he examined only 
individuals too recently emerged for the scent to have become 
effectively distributed. 
In the females the wings are odorless, but the pair of short 
blunt stout soft orange appendages which on pressing the ab- 
domen are extruded from between the last two segments dor- 
sally gives off a powerful nauseating odor recalling that of the 
osmateria of the caterpillars of Papilio polyxenes. 
The females of our fritillaries are larger and more con- 
spicuous than the males abd at the same time less shy with a less 
swift and less erratic flight. They also appear to be much 
longer lived, for by the end of August all the still fairly numerous 
individuals remaining are females busily engaged in searching out 
their food plants and seldom seen on flowers. It is a reasonable 
inference that in these butterflies both sexes are protected to an 
appreciable extent by the formidable abdominal glands of the 
females. 
Argynnis aphrodite (Fabricius). — The odors of both sexes 
of this butterfly as found in this region exactly resemble those 
of the correspohding sexes of A. cybele. 
Brenthis montinus Scudder. — Professor John H. Gerould 
writes me that he has noticed an odor in this species similar to 
