78 
Psyche 
[June 
THE AFFINITIES OF GRYLLOBLATTA INDICATED BY 
A STUDY OF THE HEAD AND ITS AP- 
PENDAGES 
By G. C. Crampton, Ph. D. 
Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. 
Since specimens of Grylloblatta are extremely rare and 
valuable, I am deeply indebted to Mr. Eric Hearle and to Mr. 
H. S. Barber, for their kindness in supplying me with the material 
used in the preparation of this paper. The following discussion 
is based upon the study of Grylloblatta campodeiformis Walk., 
and Grylloblatta barberi Caud., with which I have been able to 
compare sketches of the parts of the only other known Gryllo- 
blattid, Galloisiana nipponensis Gaud., through the kindness 
of Mr. A. N. Caudell. 
The affinities of Grylloblatta indicated by the study of its 
terminal abdominal structures have been discussed by Walker 
1919 and 1922; and the writer (Crampton 1915, 1917, 1923, 
1924 and 1926) has discussed the evidence of its affinities in- 
dicated by a study of its antennae, maxillae, head, thorax and 
ovipositor. I believe that Grylloblatta is practically a living 
Protorthopteron very closely related to the common stock from 
which sprang the Tettigonioid and Grylloid Orthoptera, and 
the closest affinities of Grylloblatta are with the Tettigonioids. 
Outside of the true Orthoptera, the next of kin of the Gryllo- 
blattids are the Dermaptera, and the Phasmids are somewhat 
more remotely related to them. The Grylloblattids (with the 
rest of the Orthoptera) Dermaptera and Phasmids were descended 
from a common Protorthopteroid stock which also gave rise to 
the Embiids, whose line of descent parallels that of the Gryllo- 
blattids rather closely, but the nearest relatives of the Embiids 
are the Plecoptera. The Protorthopteroid ancestors of the Or- 
thoptera (including Grylloblatta) Dermaptera and Phasmids 
were descended from Protoblattoid forms, from which the 
Blattids and Isoptera have departed but little. In the following 
