64 Psyche [June-September 
be classifiable as a pseudogyne, or pathological worker-female inter- 
mediate. 
Distribution: Northern Argentina, extending into southeastern Bra- 
zil. 
Localities for material examined: Argentina: La Plata (C. Bruch 
leg.), 3 syntypes. Salinas, near Tucuman (Kusnezov and Golbach 
leg., no. 1677). Parque Avellanida, Tucuman (P. Wygodzinsky 
leg.), a small series of workers. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro State, Itatiaia, 
Lago Azul (R. Barth leg.), the single pseudogyne described above. 
The Variation and Synonymy of Strumigenys louisianae 
Strumigenys louisianae Roger 
Strumigenys louisianae Roger, 1863, Berlin, ent. Zeitschr. 7: 211, worker. Type 
loc. : “Louisiana.” Type in Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universita’t, 
Berlin, not examined 
Strumigenys unidentata Mayr, 1887, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 37: 575 and 
in key, p. 570, worker. Type loc.: “St. Catharina.” Lectotype, by present 
designation, in Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, examined, new syn- 
onymy. 
Strumigenys fusca Emery, 1894, Bull. Soc. ent. ital. 26: 215, pi. 1 , fig. 8 , work- 
er. Type loc.: Manicore, Amazonas. Holotype in Museo Civico di Storia 
Naturale, Genoa, examined, new synonymy. 
Strumigenys clasmospongia Brown, 1953, Psyche 60: 2, worker. Type loc.: 
Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Holotype in Coll. W. W. Kempf 
(ex Coll. T. Borgmeier), Sao Paulo, Brazil; paratypes in Coll. Kempf, 
USNM, MCZ, several reexamined, new synonymy. 
In my “Revisionary Studies” of 1953, I showed that S. louisianae 
is a very variable species ranging from warm temperate North Ameri- 
ca south into Bolivia and northern Argentina. However, variation 
at that time was thought to involve mainly body size and proportions 
of the head and mandibles. After prolonged study, a number of names 
(see synoptic synonymy below) was placed in the synonymy of S. 
louisianae ; types were compared in most of these cases. The variety 
longicornis was also synonymized on the basis of its original descrip- 
tion. 
In another paper entitled, “Three new ants related to Strumigenys 
louisianae Roger” (Brown, 1953a), I described S. clasmospongia , S. 
producta and S. mixta , stating that “each of the three forms has been 
compared with all other neotropical species known to me, both des- 
cribed and undescribed, except S. fusca and S. unidentata, two species 
to be placed among the species inquirendae .” Since that writing, I 
have been able to study the (previously unavailable) types of S. fusca, 
S. unidentata and S. unispinulosa var. longicornis on deposit in Vienna 
and Genoa, through the kindness of Dr. Max Beier and Dott. Delfa 
Guiglia respectively. From the first comparison, it was clear that my 
