140 
Psyche 
[December 
Class II. Species native to, and sometimes widespread in the Indo- 
Australian region which appear to have been distributed in part 
by man. 
As the islands under discussion are rather peripheral to the main 
part of the Indo-Australian area it is difficult to estimate whether 
“Class II” species listed from them are truly native, or whether they 
have originated from propagules carried by man. This difficulty is 
especially evident with respect to the Lord Howe and Norfolk Island 
forms, but in our opinion, it is highly probable that the “Class II” 
Kermadec species ( P oner a gleadowi and Monomorium antarcticum ) 
were carried to Raoul by man. 
Class III. Widespread pantropical or cosmopolitan forms well 
known as “tramp species” and distributed largely by man. 
The numbers of species referable to each of these classes on the 
islands concerned are shown in Table I. 
Lord Howe 
Norfolk 
Raoul 
Island 
Island 
Island 
South latitude 
30° 30' 
29 0 48' 
29 0 10' 
Size (mi 2 ) 
Distance from 
5 
13 
1 1.25 
Australia (mi) 
No. ants Class I 
400 
900 
1700 
(endemics bracketed 
) 10(5) 
8(0 
— ■ 
No. ants Class II 
3 
1 
2 
No. ants Class III 
1 
3 
1 
Total number of ants 
14 
12 
3 
Table I. Certain geographical features of Lord Howe Island, Norfolk 
Island, and Raoul Island ; with details of the class composition of their ant 
faunas. Further explanation in text [data based in part on Wheeler (1927), 
modified by recent revisionary studies]. 
Although native ants are apparently absent from Raoul they are 
present on both Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands. The species 
concerned are all of Australian origin, and more of them are present 
on Lord Howe than on Norfolk, in spite of the considerably larger 
size of the latter. Faunal size on these islands is thus negatively 
correlated with their areas, a reverse situation from that observed by 
Wilson (1961) in various Moluccan and Melanesian Islands. 
Judging from the Melanesian faunal curves published by Wilson, 
we believe that Lord Howe Island probably supports a saturated ant 
fauna. Norfolk Island, however, would be expected to carry more 
