2 
Psyche 
[March 
dae, Ancopteridae, Engisopteridae and Alectoneuridae, in addition 
to the families Bardohymenidae and Moravohymenidae, already re- 
ported in a previous paper (Kukalova-Peck, 1972). One of the new 
species, Hana lineata , with a wing about 100 mm long and only 
8.3 mm wide, represents an -extreme case of specialization of wing 
shape within the Insecta. Further evidence of the close relationship in 
wing venation between Megasecoptera and Palaeodictyoptera is now 
revealed. The postcostal vein, homologous with the “costal bfcace” in 
the Ephemeroptera and present in most Palaeodictyoptera, is recog- 
nizable in the family Engisopteridae. Intercalated sectors, which 
also occur in several families of the Palaeodictyoptera, as well as in 
all dragonflies and mayflies, are present in five of the new genera 
described below. Also, some of the new species have relatively broad 
subcostal areas and a richly branched venation very reminiscent of 
the Palaeodictyoptera. 
The Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian) families Frankenholzii- 
dae (Germany), Mecynopteridae (Belgium) and the new family 
Dictyoneurellidae (France) (described below), all of which were 
previously considered palaeodictyopterous, are apparently related to 
the newly described families mentioned above and to the primitive 
family Anchineuridae (Upper Carboniferous, Spain) of the Order 
Megasecoptera. They are herein referred to that order. 
Besides the adults, three nymphal forms are described : Cauloptera 
colorata, Arcioneura juveniles , and Alectoneura europaea. The 
nymphal wings are easily distinguished from the adult wings, which 
are held at right angles to the body, by the characteristic bend 
in the proximal third of the wing length. This bend determined the 
oblique-lateral position of the wing pads in the living nymphs, as 
described by Carpenter and Richardson (1968) in the completely 
preserved early stage of the megasecopteran nymph of Mischoptera 
douglassi. However, in all isolated nymphs from Obora the angle 
of the bend is more obtuse than in Mischoptera douglassi. This fact 
together with the larger size and good sclerotization of the venation 
(the sclerotization being weak in douglassi) implies that the nymphal 
wings from Obora belonged to late, possibly the ultimate, instars. 
There is no evidence as to whether or not a subimaginal stage was 
present in Megasecoptera. In the Palaeodictyoptera, parts of a shed 
cuticle have been found attached to a female of Lycocercus golden- 
bergi (Kukalova, 1969, p. 449, fig. 32), including a smaller and less 
sclerotized ovipositor than that of the adult. It is therefore conceiv- 
able that the related Megasecoptera, which clearly descended from 
the Palaeodictyoptera, had adult molts. 
