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Figure 1. The percentages of males depositing spermatophores through 
the reproductive instars. Ages are given in hours relative to ecdyses (e) 
at the onset and conclusion of the instar. 
of association has been reported in Sminthurides aquaticus Bourlet 
(Mayer, 1957). Males of this springtail clasp the antennae of 
females and are carried about by the females. Such males groom 
more than unattached males. 
The previous finding (Waldorf, 1974b) that Sinella coeca males 
groom more frequently than females is possibly explained by the 
positive correlation reported by Jander (1966). She found higher 
rates of grooming in animals that exhibited more locomotor activity. 
S. coeca males are more active than females. 
This correlation receives further support from comparison with 
Sinella curviseta males. S. coeca males groomed their antennae about 
1.8 times in 5 min. This contrasts with .4 antennal cleanings ob- 
served on the average in five min (at the same temperature) in the 
less active S. curviseta males (n = 10; SD = .70). 
My earlier data (1974b) on variation in grooming in S. coeca 
females, although less precise, was similar to the pattern in males 
shown in figure 2. In that experiment the category termed newly 
ecdysed females (eedysis (e) to e + 22 hours) exhibited moderate 
frequency of grooming; females with eggs (e + 24 to e + 44 hours) 
exhibited the highest frequency of cleaning; and, other females 
(>e + 24 hours in nonreproductive instars and >e + 44 hours 
in reproductive ones, assuming these occur) exhibited the lowest. 
Since these females were observed at 23°C (in contrast to 25-26°C 
for males in the present experiment), the hours cannot be compared 
exactly. 
